A Hundred and One Rules in Arabic Grammar!

References:

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2- الفراهيدي، الخليل بن احمد ، کتاب العين. تحقيق مهدي المخزومي وابراهيم السادرائي، دار ومکتبة الهلال، القاهرة.

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5- السيوطي، جلال الدين، بغية الوعاة في طبقات اللغويين والنحاة. القاهرة، 1326 هـ.

6- وافي، علي عبد الواحد، فقه اللغة. دار نهضة مصر للطبع والنشر بالفجالة، القاهرة.

7- Aljaafreh, A. "The Role of Implicit/Explicit Error Correction and Learner's Zone of Proximal Development." Unpublished dissertation. University of Delaware, 1992.

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13- Galloway, V., and A. Labarca. "From Student to Learner: Style, Process and Strategy." Ed. D. Birckbichler. New Perspectives and New

14- Directions in Foreign Language Education. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Company, 1990: 111-158.

15- Herron, C., and M. Tomasello. "Acquiring Grammatical Structures by Guided Induction."The French Review 65 (1992): 708-718.

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18- Krashen, S.The Input Hypothesis : New York: Longman, 1985.

19- Larsen-Freeman, D. "Teaching Grammar." Ed. M. Celce-Murcia.Teaching English as a Second Language . Boston, MA: Heinle and Heinle, 1991: 279-295.

20- Lightbown, P., and N. Spada. "Focus on Form and Corrective Feedback in Communicative Language Teaching."Studies in Second Language Acquisition 12 (1990): 429-448.

21- Long, M. "The Least Second Language Acquisition Theory Needs to Explain."TESOL Quarterly 24 (1991): 649-666.

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جليس الدارس

في مختلف الصفوف والمدارس

The Arabic consonatial System includes equal numbers of voiced versus voiceless, two nasals, three velarised, two lateral and one trill. Please note the following diagram:

Obstruents  Sonorants (all voiced)

Unvelarized            Velarized

Voiceless    voiced voiceless  voiced         nasal        lateral trill

labial                                  بم

labio-dentalف

interdental ث        ذ                 ظ

dento-alve.   **  ت/ س** **       ** د/ز **      ** ص/ط ض      نل       ر

palatal        ش **        ** **ج        ** **         ** ** **

velar           ك **       **

uvular        ق/خ **    ** **غ        **

pharyngal   حع

laryngal      ء/هـ **     **