Dedicated To:

Preface

Introduction Fundamentals of Evaluation and Criticism of Writings On Islamic Unity

Second Introduction: Valuable Standards of Worksheet of the Thought of Islamic Unity

Third Introduction: Familiarity With Writings On Thoughts of Islamic Unity

Beginning of Discussion Awareness of Basics of Intellectual Movement – Research Towards Creating Islamic Unity

Introduction To Applications of Two Tendencies By Way of Criticism and Narration

Discourse One Keeping Quiet and Prohibiting Difference-creating Activities

Discourse Two Adopt Common Things and Ignore Differences Between Islamic Sects

Discourse Three To Make Difference Between Two Schools So Light As To Appear Depthless

Deviation in Principles and Branches of Faith

Deviated Side-effects of This Conjecture

Discourse Four Excusing Those Who Turn Away From Imamate and School of Ahle Bayt (a.s.)

Discourse Five Alterations in Beliefs of Shia Ja’fari Twelve Imamite Faith

First Alteration Imamate and Rulership

First Batch Three Types of Separations Between Imamate and Rulership

Deviated Repercussions of This Conjecture

Criticism and Opinion Guardianship and Imamate Is Inseparable From Apparent Caliphate

Second Batch To Show Rulership of Less Value Than Imamate

Second Alteration Removing Imamate From Principles of Faith and Making It a Fundamental of School

Third Alteration Aim of Eschewing Shia Teachings[1]

Discourse Six Deviation in the Meaning of Divinely-granted Caliphate of Ali

Deviated Repercussion of These Conjectures[1]

Discourse Seven Denial of Differences Between Ali and Caliphs

Deviation in Criticism of Ali About Caliphs

Discourse Eight To Acknowledge the Legitimacy of Caliphs’ Government

Addendum Solution of Shia To Create Islamic Unity

End Reflection On Shia Ideal of Islamic Unity in the Zahra’s Speech (s.a.)

a Victim Lost in Saqifah

Correct Interpretation Ali’s Silence and Its Causes

Are Shias Obliged To Avoid Discussion On Caliphate…?

Are Shias Obliged Not To Debate On Imamate?

Discourse Two Criticism and Scrutiny of Analyses Propagated About Consultation of Caliphs With Ali

What Does Scrutiny of Statistics Show?

Discourse Three Criticism and Scrutiny of Analyses Publicized Regarding Ali’s Cooperation With Caliphs’ Government

Analysis of Ali’s Participation in Caliphs’ Government

Was Ali Given a Governmental Responsibility During the Tenure of the Caliphs?

Did Amirul Momineen (a.s.) Have Positive Outlook To Battles of Caliph’s Period?

Criticism and Scrutiny of Ali’s Positive Outlook To Battles[1]

Participation of Hasan and Husain (a.s.) in Battles of Caliphs[1]

Scrutiny of Participation of Ali’s Companions in Battles and Government of Caliphs[1]

Did Amirul Momineen (a.s.) Always Attend Caliphs’ Prayers?

Discourse Fourscrutiny and Criticism of Analyses Publicized in Respect of Relations Between Caliphs and Amirul Momineen (a.s.)

Examples of Statements in Sunni Sources About Zahra’s Anger On Abu Bakr

Aim of Amirul Momineen (a.s.) in Taking Over the Guardianship of Muhammad Bin Abu Bakr?

Did the Second Caliph Desire Alito Be Caliph After Him?

Discourse Fivepublicized Analyses About the Relation of Amirul Momineen (a.s.) With Caliphs

Final Conclusionzahra’s Martyrdom Is Not Fiction

A Victim Lost in Saqifah

Introduction Claim of Righteous Caliphate Is Untrue

Discourse Onepiety and Simplicity Scrutinized

Discourse Twoscrutiny of Social Justice

Discourse Threescrutiny of Judicial Justice

Discourse Fouranalysis of the Rights of Legal Opponents

Discourse Fiveanalysis of Individual and Social Liberties

Conclusionzahra’s Speech Describes the Social Conditions After Usurpation of Caliphate and Identifies the Ills in Politics and Government

Discourse Oneabsence of Ali’s Approval To Abu Bakr’s Caliphate

Discourse Twoefforts To Obtain Imam Ali’s (a.s.) Bay’at After the Prophet’s Demise

Discourse Threelack of Public Satisfaction From Abu Bakr’s Caliphate

Discourse Fourefforts To Prove the Bay’at Was of Free Choice After Zahra’s Martyrdom

Section Twoinfluence of Deviation On Shia Belief of Imamate

Discourse Twosunni-inclined Interpretations of Imamate and Wilayat

Endcaution of Wilayat and Warning of Hazrat Zahra (s.a.) About the Beginning of Deviation in Belief of Imamate

A Victim Lost in Saqifah 1-4

A Victim Lost in Saqifah
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Allegiance (*Bay’at*) of Amirul Momineen Ali (a.s.) to Caliphs – contamination of Shia belief in Imamate
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Vol. 4
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Section One  
Allegiance of Amirul Momineen (a.s.) to Caliphs
===============================================

Motive of this research
-----------------------

Ali’s *Bay’at* with Abu Bakr is repeatedly mentioned in various styles
and used in different ways to bring out Abu Bakr’s Caliphate from its
characteristic feature of usurpation that surrounds it.

So they claim:

“It is said that Ali was tied by a rope round his neck and his house was
destroyed. I do not know such an Ali. He was not a man of such an
insult. He wisely paid allegiance and remained firm on it indicating his
satisfaction.”!**[1]**

“This proves that Ali did not view their Caliphate illegitimate.”**[2]**

“After he (Ali) gave Bay’at. He even mended and dressed the shortcomings
in Caliphs’ proceedings. This confirms the legitimacy of
Caliphs.”**[3]**

“Ali has given Bay’at to both (Abu Bakr and Umar). Of course he has done
this prudently.”**[4]**

“The behavior and conduct of Ali and his reverend sons towards Caliphs
was such that it could be called an approval and pledge of
allegiance.”**[5]**

**Those who make the claims (that Ali gave allegiance to Abu Bakr) have
an aim:**

A) Ali’s acknowledgment to Abu Bakr serves an umbrella to them, covering
illegitimacy of Abu Bakr’s Caliphate. Besides it supports their
persistence in their design to prove Ali’s consent and concurrence.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

**[1]** Mushgan Ilanlow: In his article in Sharq Daily, Issue no. 14,
Abaan 1383  
 **[2]** Mustafa Husaini Tabatabai: *Raahi Bi Soo-e-Wahdat-e-Islami*
(Way to Islamic Unity), Pg. 176  
**[3]** Ibid. Footnote on the book *Shahira-e-Ittihaad,* Pgs. 28-29  
 **[4]** Mustafa Husaini Tabatabai: *Raahi Bi Soo-e-Wahdat-e-Islami*
(Way to Islamic Unity), Pg. 167  
**[5]** Mustafa Husaini Tabatabai: *Raahi Bi Soo-e-Wahdat-e-Islami* (Way
to Islamic Unity), Pg. 163

B) To benefit from Ali’s acknowledgment by removing from the public mind
suspicion of illegitimacy of Abu Bakr’s Caliphate. Besides, to pose it
as a Caliphate having God’s pleasure. In other words, to provide a
sanctity under shade of Ali’s allegiance.

Therefore we must go through these allegations thoroughly:

In the meantime we would like to scrutinize these two claims:

1) Claims that Ali’s *Bay’at* tantamount to public popularity of Abu
Bakr’s rule.

2) Claims that acceptance of Abu Bakr’s rule proves Ali’s allegiance to
Abu Bakr.

Therefore in this analysis we shall evaluate the sources claiming that
Ali gave allegiance to Abu Bakr. They are as follows:

Source One: Divine legitimacy (Legitimacy granted by God)

Source Two: Public Popularity (Standard of public accord)

Source Three: Existence (A fact/occurrence)

We shall again thoroughly investigate historical documents related to
these claims to find the extent of Ali’s approval to Abu Bakr’s rule.

Because the above subject has taken for granted that Ali in fact gave
allegiance to Abu Bakr.

Accordingly we can evaluate Ali’s belief in legitimacy and popularity of
Abu Bakr’s Caliphate and thereby gauge its authenticity in the light of
History.


A Victim Lost in Saqifah 1-4

A Victim Lost in Saqifah

Allegiance (Bay’at) of Amirul Momineen Ali (a.s.) to Caliphs – contamination of Shia belief in Imamate

Vol. 4

Section OneAllegiance of Amirul Momineen (a.s.) to Caliphs

Motive of this research

Section One
Allegiance of Amirul Momineen (a.s.) to Caliphs