Al-muqaddimah Al-ajurrumiyyah [on the Science of Arabic Grammar]

The Chapter on the FĀ‘IL

The Fā‘il is an Ism that is Marfū‘ and has its Fi‘l mentioned before it.

It is of two types: Ḍāhir (substantive noun) and Muđmar (personal pronoun).

The Ḍāhir is like when you say[^44] :

قامزيد                                   (Zayd stood)

يقومزيد                      (Zayd stands)

قامالزيدان                   (The two Zayds stood)

يقومالزيدان                 (The two Zayds stand)

قامالزيدون                  [The Zayds (pl.) stood]

يقومالزيدون                [The Zayds (pl.) stand]

قامالرجال                   [The men (pl.) stood]

يقومالرجال                 [The men (pl.) stand]

قامتهند                   (Hind stood)

تقومهند                     (Hind stands)

قامتالهندان               (The two Hinds stood)

تقومالهندان                 (The two Hinds stand)

قامتالهندات              (The Hinds (pl.) stood]

تقومالهندات                [The Hinds (pl.) stand]

قامتالهنود                 [The Hinds (pl.) stood]

تقومالهنود                   (The Hinds (pl.) stand)

قامأخو ك                    (Your brother stood)

يقومأخو ك                  (Your brother stands)

قامغلام ي                  (My servant stood)

يقومغلام ي                (My servant stands)

and what is similar to that.

The Muđmar is twelve[^45] like when you say:

ضَربتُ                                 (I hit)

ضَربنَا                                   (We hit)

ضَربتَ                                 [You (masc. sing.) hit]

ضَربتِ                                 [You (fem. sing.) hit]

ضَربتُمَا                      [You (masc./fem. dual) hit]

ضَربتُمْ                                   [You (masc. pl.) hit]

ضَربتُنَّ                      [You (fem. pl.) hit]

ضَربَ (هُوَ )                 (He hit)

ضَربتْ (هِيَ )               (She hit)

ضَربَا                                  [They (masc. dual) hit][^46]

ضَربُوْ ا                                [They (masc. pl.) hit]

ضَربْنَ                                [They (fem. pl.) hit]