Elementary Arabic Morphology 1
Proper Nouns and Demonstrative Pronouns
What is a proper noun?
What is a demonstrative pronoun?
A proper noun is a noun that denotes a specific person, animal or thing. For example: ﺇبراهیم (the name of a person) بَرق (the name of a horse) بیروت (the name of a city)
A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that denotes something specific that is sensed. The following are demonstrative pronouns:
• For things that are close:
1. هذا (this, m.)
2. هذانِ (these two, m.)
3. هَوُلاء (these, m.)
4. هذهِ (this, f.)
5. هَاتانِ (these two, f.)
6. هَوُلاء (these, f.)
• For things that are medium range:
1. ذاکَ (that, m.)
2. ذانِکَ (those two, m.)
3. ﺃولئکَ (those, m.)
4. تیکَ **(**that, f.)
5. تانِکَ (those two, f.)
6. ﺃولِوکَ(those, f.)
• For things that are far:
1. ذلِکَ (that, m.)
2. ذانّکَ (those two, m.)
3. ﺃولالِکَ (those, m.)
4. تِلکَ (that, f.)
5. تانّکَ (those two, f.)
6. ﺃولالِکَ (those, f.)
• For places:
1. هُنا(here)
2. هُناکَ(there, medium range)
3. هُنالِک تَمّ(there, far)