Elementary Arabic Morphology 3

Adverbial Nouns of Place and Time and Instrumental Nouns

105. What are adverbial nouns of time and place?

106. How are adverbial nouns of time and place formed from triliteral verbs?

107. How are adverbial nouns of time and place formed from verbs with more than three letters?

108. What is an instrumental noun and how many kinds are there?

109. An adverbial noun of time is a form that indicates the place that the verb took place in, for example: مَطبَخ. An adverbial noun of time is a form that indicates the time are verb took place, for example: مَغرِب.

110. Adverbial nouns of time and place are formed from triliteral verbs on the form of مَفعَل if the verb is a sound verb whose second root letter has a dummah or a fathah in the aorist tense or if the verb is a defective verb, for example: مَجمَع. They are formed on the form of مَفعِل if the second root letter has a kasrah in the aorist tense or is a quasi-sound verb in the preterite tense, for example: مَجلِس. There are rare exceptions to this rule, for example**:** مَطلِع و مَغرِب و مَشرِق whose second root letter has a dummah in the aorist tense.

111. Adverbial nouns of time and place are formed from verbs with more than three letters in the same way as their passive participle noun or their mīmī infinitive form, for example: مُنصَرَف.

112. The instrumental noun is a form that indicates a tool of an action. They are derived and non-derived. There are no rules for the instrumental nouns that are not derived, for example: جَرَس. The derived instrumental nouns are formed from transitive triliteral verbs and there are three forms: مِفعَل for example: مِبرَد, مِفعَلَة for example: مِکنَسَة, and مِفعَال for example: مِفتَاح.