An Introduction To Morphology

Preterite, Aorist, and Imperative Verbs

Verbs With and Without Increase Letters Added To Their Roots

Triliteral and Quadriliteral Verbs with Increase Letters

Sound and Unsound Verbs

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

Active and Passive Verbs

Conjugation of A Verb With Its Pronoun

Incorporation

Weak Letter Transformation

Writing a Hamza

The wasl and qat‛ hamza

Non-Perfect Verbs

Emphasis and Non-Emphasis

The Conjugation of the Passive Voice

The Infinitive

The Mimi Infinitive and The Quasi-Infinitive Noun

The Nomen Vicis And The Nomen Speciei

The Active and Passive Nouns

Epithet

Comparative and Superlative Nouns

The Exaggerated Forms

Adverbial Nouns of Place and Time and Instrumental Nouns

The Structure of a Noun

Rules Pertaining to the Dual Form

Sound Masculine Plural

Sound Feminine Plural

Broken Plurals

Rules of Broken Plurals

Nouns and Epithets

Generic and Proper Nouns

Masculine And Feminine Nouns

Possessive Nouns

The Diminutive Form

Declination

Implied Declinable Signs

Conjugational and Non-Conjugational Declinable Nouns

Indeclinable Words

Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns

Conjuncts

The Relative Clause

Conditional Nouns

Interrogative Nounds

Metonymy

Adverbial Nounds

Verbal Nouns

Cardinal Numbers

Ordinal Numbers

A study of Arabic Morphology volume 3. Translated by Hamid Hussein
Waqar.


Elementary Arabic Morphology 3

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
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26. What is the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs?

27. When is a verb intransitive?

28. How can an intransitive verb be made transitive?

29. How can a transitive verb be made intransitive?

26. A transitive verb is a verb who, in addition to its agent, occurs on
an objective compliment, for example: **بَرَیتُ القَلَمَ.** An
intransitive verb only occurs with an agent, for example: **أثمَرَتِ
الشَّجَرَةُ.** The transitive verb is connected to its objective
compliment with preposition or without a preposition but an intransitive
verb suffices itself with its agent.

27. A verb intransitive if it denotes a natural characteristic as in
**شَجُعَ,** a form as in **طالَ,** a color as in **زَرِقَ,** a defect as
in **عَوِرَ,** a decoration as in **غَیِدَ,** being clean as in
**طَهُرَ,** Being unclean as in **قَذُرَ,** being secluded as in
**فَرَغَ,** being full as in **شَبِعَ,** and different natural states
such as **مَرِضَ.**

28. An intransitive verb is made transitive by adding a *hamza* to the
beginning of the word, for example: **أکرَمَ,** or doubling the second
root letter, for example: **کَرَّمَ,** or by a *jār* preposition, for
example: **رَغِبتُ في العلمِ.**

29. A transitive verb is made intransitive if it is put in the forms of
mutawa'ah, for example: **جمَّعتُهُ** **فَتَجَمَّعَ.**


