Elementary Arabic Morphology 3

Conjugation of A Verb With Its Pronoun

32. What happens to a verb if it is related to a mentioned noun or an implied nominative pronoun?

33. Does a verb change if it is related to a clear nominative pronoun?

34. What is the difference between an implied pronoun and a clear pronoun?

35. How many clear connected nominative pronouns are there?

36. What happens to the tā'?

37. When is a nā, alif, or yā' used?

38. When is a wāw or nūn used?

39. When is the pronoun implied?

40. When is it permissible to imply a pronoun?

41. When is it obligatory to imply a pronoun?

42. When is it obligatory to imply a pronoun, being an exception to the rule?

43. Does a verb change with accusative or genitive pronouns?

44. A verb does not change if it is related to a mentioned word or an implied nominative pronoun, for example: قامَ الخَطیبُ فَتَکَلَّمَ.

45. The end of a verb should be given a sakūn if connected to a clear nominative pronoun of a sound letter, for example: دَرَستُ. The end of a verb should be given a vowel sign similar to that of the clear nominative pronoun of a weak letter, for example a dummah should be placed before a wāw, as in دَرَسُوا, a fathah should be placed before an alif, as in یَدرُسَانِ, and a kasrah should be placed before a yā', as in تَدرُسِینَ.

46. A clear pronoun is a pronoun that is written and spoken, for example: أنتَ. An implied pronoun is tacitly intended, for example: اِفهَم. In this example a 'you' is implied in the verb.

47. There are six clear connected nominative pronouns**:** التاء ، نا ، الألف ، الیاء ، الواو و النون المخفَّفة. These pronouns are either agents or the subject of the predications and are only connected to verbs.

48. The التاء has a dummah when it is a singular and plural first person pronoun, for example: شَرِبتُ. It has a fathah when it is a masculine singular second person pronoun, for example: شَرِبتَ. It has a kasrah when it is a feminine singular second person pronoun in the preterite tense, for example: شَرِبتِ. It also has a dummah when connected to the dual or plural signs of the second person pronouns and the feminine plural third person pronoun, for example: شَرِبتُما.

49. The نا is used for the dual and plural first person pronouns, for example: شَرِبنا. The الألف is used for all dual pronouns, for example: یَشرَبانِ. The الیاء is used in the aorist tense verbs and in commands, for example: اِشرَبي.

50. The الواو is used for plural masculine beings with intellects, for example: شَرِبُوا. The النون المخفَّفة is used for plural feminine beings with intellects, for example: شَرِبنَ.

51. A pronoun is implied in the preterite and aorist tense with the singular third person pronoun, for example: المسافرُ انطَلَقَ. It is implied in the aorist tense and command with the singular masculine second person pronoun, for example: تَسألُ. It is also implied in the aorist tense with all first person pronouns, for example: أسألُ.

52. It is permissible to imply a pronoun with third person pronouns.

53. It is obligatory to imply a pronoun with first person pronouns and singular second person pronouns.

54. It is obligatory to imply a pronoun, as an exception to the rule, in exceptive verbs, verbs of wonder, comparative/superlative verbs, in the predicate of an appropinquation verb except with the predicate of عسیَ. They are not implied when they are in the nominative state.

55. A verb does not change when connected to accusative and genitive pronouns.