A Completer Sentence

Syntax

Subjunctive Cases of a Verb

Jussive Cases of a Verb

Nominative Cases of a Verb

Nominative Cases of a Noun

Actor

Subject of the Predicate

Incohatives and Predicates

Incohative of a Verb Kana or One of its sisters and the Predicate of the Preposition Inna or One of its Sisters

Accusative Cases of a Noun

Objective Compliments and Cognates

Adverbal Qualifications and Adverbal Qualifications of Time and Place

Ma’ Accusative and the Exceptive After Ila

The Hāl Accusative

Specificative

Vocative

A Predicate of the Verb Kana of an Inchoative of the Preposition Inna

Genitive Cases of a Noun

Hiding the Vowel Signs of a Declinable Noun

Adjectives and Conjunctives

Corroboratives and Substitutes

The Vowel Signs of Words and Sentences

A study of syntax of the Arabic language volume 1. Translated by Hamid
Hussein Waqar.


Elementary Arabic Syntax 1

Vocative
========

46. What is a vocative?  
 A vocative is the intended result of saying 'I call…'

47. How many forms of vocatives are there?  
 There are two forms of vocatives:  
 • One that is in the possessive form and accusative case: for example
**یا** **عبد** **الله** (Ay, ‛Abd Allah or Allah's servant) or a common
noun that is not specified: for example **یا** **غافلاً** **تَنَبّهُ**
(Ay heedless one! Pay attention.)

• One that is indeclinable on whatever would put it in the nominative
case and is either a proper noun or a common noun that is specified. For
example: **یا** **خالدُ** (Ay, Khalid) or **یا** **رجُلُ** (Ay, man).


