Elementary Arabic Syntax 2

The Nominative and Subjective Cases of the Aorist Tense Verb

5. When is an aorist tense verb put in the nominative case?
   An aorist tense verb is always put into the nominative state unless preceded by a subjective preposition, jussive preposition, or is indeclinable. For example: یُثمرُ الشَّجَرُ (The tree produced fruit.)

6. How many kinds of subjective prepositions are there?
   There are two types of subjective prepositions: essential subjective prepositions and subjective prepositions that come after the implied an.

7. How many essential subjective prepositions are there?
   There are four essential subjective prepositions: أن ، لَن ، إذن ، کي For example: أریدُ أن أتعَلَّمَ (I want to study.)

8. How many subjective prepositions come after the implied an?
   There are four subjective prepositions that come after the implied an: حتی ، اللام ، أو ، الفاء ، الواو for example: اِضرِب المذنبَ حتی یَتوبَ (Hit the criminal so he repents.)

9. What are the conditions of the an preposition?
   The preposition an puts a verb into the subjective state if it creates the meaning of an infinitive.

10. What are the conditions of the idhan preposition?
    The preposition idhan puts a verb into the subjective state on two conditions:
    • It is at the beginning of the response

• There are not any words in between the preposition and the verb.

For example: اِحترم رئیسک إذن یُکرِمَک (Respect your boss so that he will be generous to you.)