Elementary Arabic Syntax 2

Conjunctions

149. What is a conjunction?
     A conjunction is making a word follow another one by using a preposition. For example:
     کَسَرتُ القَلَمَ و الدَّواةَ (I broke the pen and ink bottle.)

150. How many conjunctional prepositions are there?
     There are nine conjunctional prepositions: الواو ، الفاء ، ثُمَّ ، أو ، أم ، لَکن ، لا ، بَل ، حَتَّیَ

151. Are conjunctions used between all kinds of words?
     Conjunctions are used between nouns, for example: جاءَ الکریمُ و البخیلُ (The generous person and the stingy person came.) and between verbs, for example: قام الرجلُ و سَجَدَ (The man stood up and prostrated.)

152. How is a conjunction used with pronouns?
     If the pronoun is implied it must be emphasized by a separated pronoun before the conjunction. For example: جاءَ هُو و أبُوه (He and his father came.)

153. How is a conjunction used with connected pronouns in the nominative state?
     If the pronoun is a connected pronoun in the nominative state it must be emphasized by a separate pronoun before the conjunction, for example: جئتَ أنتَ و أخوکَ (You and your brother came.)

154. How is a conjunction used with connected pronouns in the genitive state?
     If the pronoun is a connected pronoun in the genitive state the reason for it being in the genitive state (the genitive preposition or the prefixed noun) must be repeated before the word after the conjunct. For example: سَلَّمتُ علیه و علی أخیه (I greeted him and his brother.)