Islamic Concept of Intermediation (tawassul)

Refererences

[1]. Qur’ān (an-Nisā’) 4:64.

[2]. see p. 212.

[3]. see p. 147.

[4]. see p. 148.

[5]. see p. 180.

[6]. see p. 325.

[7]. see pp. 150-1.

[8]. see p. 213.

[9]. see p. 212.

[10]. Qur’ān (al-Mā’idah) 5:35.

[11]. Qur’ān (al-Ahzāb) 33:69.

[12]. Qur’ān (Āl-i-‘Imrān) 3:45.

[13]. Ibn Taymiyyah, Qā‘idah jalīlah fit-tawassul wal-wasīlah (pp.5-6).

[14]. Ibn Taymiyyah, Majmū‘ fatāwā (1:140).

[15]. see p. 208.

[16]. see p. 148.

[17]. see p. 230.

[18]. see p. 32.

[19]. see p. 230.

[20]. see p. 151.

[21]. Qastallānī, al-Māwāhib-ul-laduniyyah (2:726); Zurqānī, Commentary (7:487).

[22]. see p. 149.

[23]. Ibn Hajar Haythamī, al-Fatāwā al-hadīthiyyah (pp.255-6).

[24]. Ibn Hajar Haythamī, al-Fatāwā al-hadīthiyyah (p.256).

[26]. see p. 179.

[27]. Ibn ‘Ābidīn Shāmī, Radd-ul-muhtār ‘alā Durr-il-mukhtār (1:3).

[28]. Ibn ‘Ābidīn Shāmī, Radd-ul-muhtār ‘alā Durr-il-mukhtār (1:9).

[29]. Mahmūd Ālūsī, Rūh-ul-ma‘ānī (30:27-8).

[30]. Mahmūd Ālūsī, Rūh-ul-ma‘ānī (30:28).

[31]. Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāyah wan-nihāyah (5:235).

[32]. Ibn ‘Abd-ul-Barr, al-Istī‘āb fī ma‘rifat-il-ashāb (1:404-5).

[33]. Ibn ‘Abd-ul-Barr, al-Istī‘āb fī ma‘rifat-il-ashāb (1:405).

[34]. Ibn ‘Abd-ul-Barr, al-Istī‘āb fī ma‘rifat-il-ashāb (4:6).

[35]. Ibn Abū Hātim Rāzī, Kitāb-uth-thiqāt.

[36]. Khatīb Baghdādī has related the incident with a sound chain of transmission in his Tārīkh Baghdād (1:123); Ibn Hajar Haythamī, al-Khayrāt-ul-hisān fī manāqib-il-imām al-a‘zam Abū Hanīfah (p.94); Muhammad Zāhid Kawtharī, Maqālāt (p.381); and Ibn ‘Ābidīn Shāmī in Radd-ul-muhtār ‘alā Durr-il-mukhtār (1:41).

[37]. see p. 149.

[38]. Muhammad Zāhid Kawtharī, Maqālāt (p.381).

[39]. Abū al-Qāsim Qushayrī, ar-Risālat-ul-qushayriyyah (p.41); Khatīb Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād (1:122); Ibn-ul-Jawzī, Sifat-us-safwah (2:214).

[40]. Majaddid Alf Thānī, Maktūbāt Imam Rabbānī (3:149#220).

[41]. Bukhārī related it in his as-Sahīh, b. of shahādāt (witnesses) ch.9 (2:938#2509), b. of fadā’il-us-sahābah (virtues of the Companions) ch.1

(3:1335#3451), b. of riqāq (softening of hearts) ch.7 (5:2362#6065); and Tirmidhī graded it hasan (fair) sahīh (sound) in his al-Jāmi‘-us-sahīh, b. of manāqib (merits) ch.57 (5:695#3859).