Islamic Concept of Intermediation (tawassul)
Refererences
[1]. Qur’ān (an-Nisā’) 4:64.
[2]. see p. 212.
[3]. see p. 147.
[4]. see p. 148.
[5]. see p. 180.
[6]. see p. 325.
[7]. see pp. 150-1.
[8]. see p. 213.
[9]. see p. 212.
[10]. Qur’ān (al-Mā’idah) 5:35.
[11]. Qur’ān (al-Ahzāb) 33:69.
[12]. Qur’ān (Āl-i-‘Imrān) 3:45.
[13]. Ibn Taymiyyah, Qā‘idah jalīlah fit-tawassul wal-wasīlah (pp.5-6).
[14]. Ibn Taymiyyah, Majmū‘ fatāwā (1:140).
[15]. see p. 208.
[16]. see p. 148.
[17]. see p. 230.
[18]. see p. 32.
[19]. see p. 230.
[20]. see p. 151.
[21]. Qastallānī, al-Māwāhib-ul-laduniyyah (2:726); Zurqānī, Commentary (7:487).
[22]. see p. 149.
[23]. Ibn Hajar Haythamī, al-Fatāwā al-hadīthiyyah (pp.255-6).
[24]. Ibn Hajar Haythamī, al-Fatāwā al-hadīthiyyah (p.256).
[26]. see p. 179.
[27]. Ibn ‘Ābidīn Shāmī, Radd-ul-muhtār ‘alā Durr-il-mukhtār (1:3).
[28]. Ibn ‘Ābidīn Shāmī, Radd-ul-muhtār ‘alā Durr-il-mukhtār (1:9).
[29]. Mahmūd Ālūsī, Rūh-ul-ma‘ānī (30:27-8).
[30]. Mahmūd Ālūsī, Rūh-ul-ma‘ānī (30:28).
[31]. Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāyah wan-nihāyah (5:235).
[32]. Ibn ‘Abd-ul-Barr, al-Istī‘āb fī ma‘rifat-il-ashāb (1:404-5).
[33]. Ibn ‘Abd-ul-Barr, al-Istī‘āb fī ma‘rifat-il-ashāb (1:405).
[34]. Ibn ‘Abd-ul-Barr, al-Istī‘āb fī ma‘rifat-il-ashāb (4:6).
[35]. Ibn Abū Hātim Rāzī, Kitāb-uth-thiqāt.
[36]. Khatīb Baghdādī has related the incident with a sound chain of transmission in his Tārīkh Baghdād (1:123); Ibn Hajar Haythamī, al-Khayrāt-ul-hisān fī manāqib-il-imām al-a‘zam Abū Hanīfah (p.94); Muhammad Zāhid Kawtharī, Maqālāt (p.381); and Ibn ‘Ābidīn Shāmī in Radd-ul-muhtār ‘alā Durr-il-mukhtār (1:41).
[37]. see p. 149.
[38]. Muhammad Zāhid Kawtharī, Maqālāt (p.381).
[39]. Abū al-Qāsim Qushayrī, ar-Risālat-ul-qushayriyyah (p.41); Khatīb Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād (1:122); Ibn-ul-Jawzī, Sifat-us-safwah (2:214).
[40]. Majaddid Alf Thānī, Maktūbāt Imam Rabbānī (3:149#220).
[41]. Bukhārī related it in his as-Sahīh, b. of shahādāt (witnesses) ch.9 (2:938#2509), b. of fadā’il-us-sahābah (virtues of the Companions) ch.1
(3:1335#3451), b. of riqāq (softening of hearts) ch.7 (5:2362#6065); and Tirmidhī graded it hasan (fair) sahīh (sound) in his al-Jāmi‘-us-sahīh, b. of manāqib (merits) ch.57 (5:695#3859).