Islamic Concept of Intermediation (tawassul)
References
[1]. Qur’ān (al-Baqarah) 2:186.
[1]. Qur’ān ( al-Mā’idah) 5:35.
[2]. Shāh Walī Allah Muhaddith Dihlawī, al-Qawl-ul-jamīl (p.34).
[3]. Ismā‘īl Dihlawī, Sirāt mustaqīm (p.58).
[4]. Mawlānā Rūm, Mathnawī ma‘nawī.
[5]. Qur’ān (al-Isrā’) 17:57.
[6]. Bukhārī narrated it in his as-Sahīh, b. of tafsīr (interpretation of the Qur’ān) ch.205 (4:1747-8#4437-8); Muslim in as-Sahīh, b. of tafsīr, ch.4 (4:2321#3030); Hākim in al-Mustadrak (2:362); and Baghawī cites it in tafsīr of 17:57 in Ma‘ālim-ut-tanzīl (3:120).
[7]. Qur’ān (an-Nisā’) 4:64.
[8]. Qur’ān (al-Isrā’) 17:79.
[9]. Qur’ān (Āl-i-‘Imrān) 3:101.
[10]. Qur’ān (al-Anfāl) 8:33.
[11]. Qur’ān (al-Baqarah) 2:89.
[12]. Complete discussion on the topic is in chapter 5, section 1.
[13]. Qur’ān (Āl-i-‘Imrān) 3:37.
[14]. Qur’ān (Āl-i-‘Imrān) 3:38.
[15]. Qur’ān (Āl-i-‘Imrān) 3:39.
[16]. Qur’ān (Yūsuf) 12:93.
[17]. Qur’ān (Yūsuf) 12:96.
[18]. Qur’ān (Maryam) 19:19.
[19]. Qur’ān (al-A‘rāf) 7:23.
[20]. Qur’ān (Āl-i-‘Imrān) 3:193.
[21]. Qur’ān (an-Naml) 27:19.
[22]. Qur’ān (al-Fajr) 89:27-30.
[23]. Hākim narrated it in al-Mustadrak (3:622) through Usāmah bin ‘Umayr; Tabarānī in al-Mu‘jam-ul-kabīr (1:195#520); and Haythamī in Majma‘-uz-zawā’id (2:219). Nasā’ī also narrated it with a few different words through ‘Ā’ishah in his Sunan (8:278); Ahmad bin Hambal in Musnad (6:61); and Haythamī in Majma‘-uz-zawā’id (10:104, 110).
[24]. Muhammad bin ‘Alawī al-Mālikī, Mafāhīm yajib an tusahhah (p.153).
[25]. Qur’ān (Āl-i-‘Imrān) 3:135.
[26]. Qur’ān (al-Fātihah) 1:6.
[27]. Qur’ān (an-Nisā’) 4:69.
[28]. Qur’ān (Āl-i-‘Imrān) 3:103.
[29]. Qur’ān (an-Nahl) 16:18.
[30]. Qur’ān (Ibrāhīm) 14:7.
[31]. Qur’ān (Āl-i-‘Imrān) 3:194.