Translator’s Introduction

Part I: Introductory Discussions

Lesson One: A Glance at the Course of Philosophical Thought: (From Its Origins to the Islamic Epoch)

Lesson Two: A Glance at the Course of Philosophical Thought (from the Middle Ages to the Eighteenth Century)

Lesson Three: A Glance at the Course of Philosophical Thought (in the last two centuries)

Lesson Four: The Technical Meanings of “Science” and “Philosophy”

Lesson Five: Philosophy and The Sciences

Lesson Six: What is Philosophy?

Lesson Seven: The Position of Philosophy

Lesson Eight: The Method of Philosophical Inquiry

Lesson Nine: The Relation between Philosophy and the Sciences

Lesson Ten: The Necessity of Philosophy

Part II: Epistemology

Lesson Eleven: Introduction to Epistemology

Lesson Twelve: The Self-Evidence of the Principles of Epistemology

Lesson Thirteen: The Divisions of Knowledge

Lesson Fourteen: Acquired Knowledge

Lesson Fifteen: Types of Universal Concepts

Lesson Sixteen: Empiricism

Lesson Seventeen: The Role of the Intellect and Sensation in Ideas

Lesson Eighteen: The Role of the Intellect and Sensation in Affirmations

Lesson Nineteen: The Value of Knowledge

Lesson Twenty: The Evaluation of Ethical and Legal Propositions

Part III: Ontology

Lesson Twenty-One: Introduction to Ontology

Lesson Twenty-Two: The Concept of Existence

Lesson Twenty-Three: Entified Reality

Lesson Twenty-Four: Existence and Whatness

Lesson Twenty-Five: Precepts of Whatness

Lesson Twenty-Six: Introduction to the Fundamentality of Existence

Lesson Twenty-Seven: The Fundamentality of Existence

Lesson Twenty-Eight: Unity and Multiplicity

Lesson Twenty-Nine: Unity and Multiplicity in Entified Existence

Lesson Thirty: The Levels of Existence

Part IV: Causality

Lesson Thirty-One: Cause and Effect

Lesson Thirty-Two: The Principle of Causation

Lesson Thirty-Three: The Causal Relation

Lesson Thirty-Four: The Causal Relation among Material Things

Lesson Thirty-Five: The Dependence of the Effect on the Cause

Lesson Thirty-Six: The Relations of Cause and Effect

Lesson Thirty-Seven: The Principles of Cause and Effect

Lesson Thirty-Eight: The Efficient Cause

Lesson Thirty-Nine: The Final Cause

Lesson Forty: The Purposefulness of the Cosmos

Part V: The Material and the Immaterial

Lesson Forty-One: The Material and the Immaterial

Lesson Forty-Two: What is Location?

Lesson Forty-Three: What is Time?

Lesson Forty-Four: Kinds of Substances

Lesson Forty-Five: Continuation of the Discussion of the Kinds of Substance

Lesson Forty-Six: Matter and Form

Lesson Forty-Seven: Accidents

Lesson Forty-Eight: Quality

Lesson Forty-Nine: The Reality of Knowledge

Lesson Fifty: The Union of the Knower and the Known

Part VI: The Immutable and the Changing

Lesson Fifty-One: The Immutable and the Changing

Lesson Fifty-Two: The Potential and the Actual

Lesson Fifty-Three: A Continuation of the Discussion of the Potential and the Actual

Lesson Fifty-Four: Generation and Corruption

Lesson Fifty-Five: Motion

Lesson Fifty-Six: Properties of Motion

Lesson Fifty-Seven: Divisions of Motion

Lesson Fifty-Eight: Motion in Accidents

Lesson Fifty-Nine: Motion in Substance

Lesson Sixty: Further Discussion of Substantial Motion

Part VII: Theology

Lesson Sixty-One: The Way to Know God

Lesson Sixty-Two: Demonstrations of the Necessary Existent

Lesson Sixty-Three: Tawhīd

Lesson Sixty-Four: The Unity of Divine Actions

Lesson Sixty-Five: The Divine Attributes

Lesson Sixty-Six: Attributes of Essence

Lesson Sixty-Seven: Attributes of Action

Lesson Sixty-Eight: The Purpose of Creation

Lesson Sixty-Nine: Divine Decree and Destiny

Lesson Seventy: Good and Evil in the Cosmos

Philosophical Instructions

Part V: The Material and the Immaterial
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