The Brother of the Prophet Muhammad: Imam ‘Ali
Glossary
A
Aal or Ahlul Bayt Muhammad: Members of the house of the Prophet Muhammad Al-Abbas: one of the uncles of the Prophet Muhammad Abbysinia: Ethiopia an African country Abdul Muttalib: the grandfather of the Prophet Abdul-Rahman Ibn Ouf: one of the early Qureshite companions of the Prophet Muhammad Abdullah: a common name meaning "the servant of God " also the name of the father of the Prophet Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar: a companion who was a son of ‘Umar the second ruler after the Prophet Abdullah Ibn Sarh: one of the hypocrites who adopted Islam out of necessity Abu Bakr: the first elected caliph after the death of the Prophet Abu Huraira: a companion of the Prophet and an excessive reporter Abu Nudrah: one of the companions of the Prophet Ahu Obeidah Ibn al-Jarrah: a relatively early companion Abu Sufyan: father of Muaweyah adopted Islam after a long hostility toward the Prophet
Abu Talib: the outstanding uncle and protector of the Prophet. He is the father of the Iman Ali Abu Tharr: a highly righteous and early companion of the Prophet Al-Ahwaz: a city and a province in Iran Al-Lat: a name of an idol Amina: an adjective which meant safe and a name of the Prophet's mother Ammar Ibn Yasir: one of the outstanding and early companions Amr Ibn Al-Auss: a well-known wily Qureshite companion Amr Ibn Wodd: a famous pagan Qureshite hero who lost his duel with the Imam Ali Arafat: a holy place in the vicinity of Mecca Aqeel: a brother of the Imam Ali Ayeshah: a wife of the Prophet Azarbaijan: a province in the north of Iran.
B
Badr: the place of the first important and famous battle between the Prophet and his Qureshite pagan enemies Al-Balqa: a province in Jordan.
Banul-Mustalaq: a Hejazi Arab tribe.
Bara-ah: the 9th chapter of the Holy Qur'an.
Battle of Al-Harrah: between the righteous natives of Medina and the army of the wicked Yazeed Ibn Muaweyah
Bukhari: a hadith recorder lived during the third century after the Hijrah.
C
Caliph: a person that assumes the Islamic leadership and is a direct or indirect successor of the Prophet Caliphate: an Islamic leadership in the name of succession to the Prophet Cave of Thour: where the Prophet hid himself from the Meccan pagans the night of the Hijrah. Abu Bakr was with him.
D
Al-Daroom: a province in Palestine Dinar: an old currency equivalent to $20.00 Dirham: an old currency equivalent to $2.00 Doumat Al- Jendal: an area in Hijaz.
F
Fadak: a group of orchards of Palm trees in Hijaz within the area of Khaibur Faltah: an action done hastily without deliberation Fatima: daughter of the Prophet who survived him and was the dearest to his heart Fihr Ibn Malik: the great-grandfather of the tribes of Mecca who were living in the area Fulan: x man.
G
Ghadeer (pond of water) Khum: a location between Mecca and Medina at which the Prophet declared Ali's leadership.
Ghatafan: an Arab tribe who were living in Hijaz at the time of the Prophet.
H
Hadith: a reported statement or action or silent approval of the Prophet Muhammad.
Hajar: Egyptian wife of the Prophet Abraham who was the mother of Ishmael son of Abraham.
Hajj: a pilgrim after his return from a pilgrimage to Mecca. Also a pilgrimage.
Al-Hamza: one of the uncles of the Prophet Muhammad who died at the Battle of Ohad and a distinguished martyr Harith: plower a common name.
Hashimite: a descendant of Hashim the grandfather of the Prophet.
Al-Hassan: the first son of the Iman Ali and Fatima. He is the second Imam of the members of the House of the Prophet.
Hawazin: an Arab tribe fought the Prophet and lost to him.
Hijaz: the country in which Mecca is situated. Now it is a section of Saudi Arabia.
Hijrah: the departure of the Prophet from Mecca to Medina.
Homs: a city in Syria Hudeibeyah: a place near Mecca at which the Prophet made a temporary truce between him and Pagan Meccans.
Hunain: a place at which the army of the Prophet was attacked by the tribe of Hawazin
Al-Hussein: the second son of the Imam Ali and Fatima and the third Imam from the members of the House of the Prophet.
I
Ibn: son Ihram: to refrain from having perfume sex wearing sewn clothes etc. while on a Pilgrimage to Mecca Imam: a leader of the Muslims. The highest Imam is the one appointed by the Prophet.
Imran: Imran was the father of Mary mother of Jesus Itrah: one's closest relatives. The Prophet's contemporary Itrah were Ali Fatimah Al-Hassan and Al-Hussein.
J
Jaafar Al-Sadiq (the truthful): the sixth Imam from the members of the House of the Prophet.
Jaber Ibn Abdullah: a famous companion of the Prophet.
He was from the natives of Medina.
Jaber Ibn Samorah: a companion of the Prophet.
Al- Jarrah: the name of the father of one of the companions also the surgeon.
Jazirah: a peninsula a name of a province in Syria Jihad: endeavor in the way of God.
K
Kaaba: the Holy Temple which is situated in Mecca and was built by the Prophet Abraham and his son Ishmael.
Kaab Ibn Ujrah: a companion of the Prophet.
Kafir: unbeliever.
Karbala: a famous city in Iraq. It was built after the martyrdom of Imam Hussein. Karbala is the city on the land of which the Imam Hussein was martyred.
Khadeejah: the first wife of the Prophet and is remembered as a great woman in Islamic history Khalid Ibn Abdullah Ibn Oseid: one of the Omayad appointed governors by the third caliph Othman.
Kharijis: extremist fanatic Muslims appeared during Imam Ali's rule as violent opponents.
Kheibar: Arab Jewish community who lived at the time of the Prophet in Hijaz about eighty miles from Medina.
Ibn Khumeis: a man who was an aide of an Omayad appointed governor of Kufa.
Kinanah: an Arab tribe who lived in Hijaz during the time of the Prophet.
Kufa: a major city in Iraq during the life of Ali.
M
Maghafeer: a sticky secretion of a particular tree which had an undesirable aroma.
Makhzoom: a Qureshite tribe lived in Mecca at the time of the Prophet.
Malik Al-Ashtar: a Muslim hero and a staunch supporter and student of Imam Ali.
Marwan: son of Al-Hakam from Omayad. He influenced Othman the third Caliph to derail from the precept of the first two Caliphs.
Musnad: a book of Hadith written by Imam Ahmad Ibn Hunbul.
Mecca: the holy city which was built around the Kaaba.
Medina: the city to which the Prophet migrated and made it the capital of the Islamic State.
Mihras: a little collective place of water Moat: the ditch which was dug around Medina to prevent the enemies of Islam from entering the city.
Muaweya: son of Abu Sufyan who fought the Imam Ali the brother of the Prophet Mubahalah: a contest prayer in which two parties ask God to pursue the wrong one.
Mujtahid: a Muslim scholar who can form an independent opinion in the Islamic law based on the Qur'an and the Prophet's teaching.
Mustadrak: a book authored by Al-Hakim Al-Neesaboory Mutah: a temporary marriage.
Mutawatir: a hadith reported by numerous companions.
N
Naathal: name of a bearded Arab Jew who lived during the seventh century at the time of Othman the Third Caliph.
Nadwa: a Qureshite club whose members were the chiefs of Mecca during the time of the Prophet.
Nahjul-Balaghah: a book contains a collection of the Sermons of the Imam Ali his messages and words.
Najd: an Arab country which is now a portion of Saudi Arabia.
Najran: a city in Yemen was populated by an Arab Christian community during the time of the Prophet.
O
Ohod: a place near Medina at which the battle of Ohod occurred between the Prophet and the Pagans of Mecca.
Om Aiman: a righteous lady commended by the Prophet.
‘Umar: the Second Caliph.
Omayad: a Qureshite clan from Mecca was strongly opposed to the Prophet and fought him then adopted Islam after their defeat.
Osamah: a companion appointed by the Prophet to lead an expedition to Palestine.
Othman: the Third Caliph.
Ouf: a name of the father of a companion whose name was Abdul-Rahman.
Q
Qaisites: members of Qais tribe from Iraq.
Qoba: a place near Medina at which the Prophet rested before entering Medina.
Quda-ah: an Arab tribe lived in Hijaz at the time of the Prophet.
Quinnisrine: a Syrian province.
Quraidhah: an Arab Jewish tribe who lived near Medina during the time of the Prophet.
Quraish: the clans who inhabited Mecca at the time of the Prophet.
Qur'an: the Holy Book which contains the revelations which the Prophet Muhammad received from his Lord.
R
Al-Rabathah: a desert area in Najd to which the companion Abu Tharr was exiled.
Rafi: a companion who served the Prophet.
Rajab: the seventh month of the lunar year which begins by the month of Muharram.
Ruhbah: a square in the city of Kufa during the time of the Imam Ali.
S
Safa and Marwa: two sacred places near the Kaaba Sahih: authentic.
Sal'a: a place in the vicinity of Medina Saleem: an Arab tribe lived in Hijaz at the time of the Prophet.
Salim Moula Abu Hutheifa: a companion who was an ally of Abu Hutheifa who was another companion.
Salman Al-Farisi: a highly respected Iranian companion of the Prophet.
Saqifat Ranu Sa-idah: a club in Medina at which the natives of Medina conferred for selecting a caliph when the Prophet died.
Saraf: a place between Mecca and Medina Al-Seerat Al-Halabeyah: Biography of the Prophet authored by Ibn Husham.
Siffeen: a land in Syria at which a historical battle between the Imam Ali and Muaweyah took place.
Al-Shateebah: there was during the time of the Prophet an Arab Jewish tribe called Banu Al-Shateebah.
Shi-ab Abu Talib: a place in Mecca at which Abu Talib the Prophet and the rest of the Hashimites lived when the Meccan Pagans imposed a blockade against the Hashimite.
Shi-ites: the Muslims who believe that the Prophet appointed Ali his Caliph.
Sunan: plural of Sunnah. A reported statement or action or silent approval by the Prophet.
Sunnites: the Muslims who believe that the Prophet did not appoint a successor and that Abu Bakr was the first caliph by election.
T
Tabuk: a city in Hijaz bordering Jordan.
Ta-if: a city in Hijaz Saudi Arabia.
Talhah: an ambitious companion of the Prophet who agitated against the Third Caliph Othman and revolted against the Imam Ali.
Tuhama: a province in Saudi Arabia.
Al-Thaqalain: the Two Valuables the Book of God and the Instructions of the Prophet.
W
Wazeer: a minister usually a top aide to a head of state.
Y
Yazeed: a common Arabic name also a name of the wicked ruler who was the son of Muaweyah and his appointed successor. Yazeed massacred the family of the Prophet.
Al- Yamamah: a province of Saudi Arabia.
Z
Zeid Ibn Arqam: a companion native of Medina Zakat: an Islamic tax decreed in the Qur'an Al-Zubeir: an ambitious companion that opposed Othman and revolted against the Imam Ali Zulfiqar: a name of the sword of the Imam Ali.