The Life of Imam Al-hasan Al-askari

Notes

[^1] Bin means “son of”.

[^2] Uyun al-Mu’jizat.

[^3] A’yan ash-Shia, vol.3 p.[^289]:

[^4] Usul al-Kafi.

[^5] Sirr as-Silsilah ath-Thahabiyyah, p.[^39]: An-Nawbah is a wide area in the south of Egypt. The Prophet (a.s) praised the people of an-Nawbah by saying, ‘Whoever has no brother, let him take a brother from an-Nawbah.’

[^6] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.50 p.[^37]:

[^7] Al-Irshad, p.[^315]:

[^8] Akhbar ad-Duwal, p.117, Bahr al-Ansab, p.2, Tuhfat al-Imam, p.86, Ilal ash-Sharayi’.

[^9] Jawahir al-Ahkam.

[^10] The third month in the Islamic calendar.

[^11] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.50 p.35, Tareekh Abul Fida’, vol.2 p.48, Ilal ash-Sharayi’.

[^12] An-Nujoom az-Zahirah, vol.3 p.32, Sirr as-Silsilah al-Alawiyyah, p.[^39]:

[^13] Bahr al-Ansab, p.2, Akhbar ad-Duwal, p.117, al-Ittihaf Bihubil Ashraf, p.86, al-Kamil, vol.5 p.[^373]:

[^14] Encyclopedia of al-Bustani, vol.7 p.[^45]:

[^15] Akhbar ad-Duwal, p.117, Bahr al-Ansab, p.2, Tuhfat al-Anam, p.86, an-Nujoom az-Zahirah, vol.3 p.[^32]:

[^16] Akhbar ad-Duwal, p.117, Bahr al-Ansab, p.[^2]:

[^17] Bahr al-Ansab, p.[^2]:

[^18] Ibid.

[^19] Tuhfat al-Anam, p.87, Bihar al-Anwar, vol.50 p.[^236]:

[^20] Tuhfat al-Anam, p.[^87]:

[^21] Ibid.

[^22] Jawharat al-Kalam, p.[^154]:

[^23] Safinat al-Bihar, vol.1 p.[^259]:

[^24] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.50 p.[^326]:

[^25] Ibid., p.238, Akhbar ad-Duwal, p.[^117]:

[^26] Al-Ittihaf Bihubil Ashraf, p.[^68]:

[^27] Qur'an, 23:[^115]:

[^28] Jawharat al-Kalam, p.155, the Encyclopedia of al-Bustani, vol.7 p.[^45]:

[^29] A’yan ash-Shia, vol.3 p.[^295]:

[^30] Al-Mujdi fin-Nasab (manuscript).

[^31] The two grandsons.

[^32] Qur'an, 43:[^13]:

[^33] Safeenat al-Bihar, vol.1 p.[^259]:

[^34] Al-Manaqib, vol.4 p.[^401]:

[^35] Murooj ath-Thahab, vol.4 p.[^171]:

[^36] Murooj ath-Thahab, vol.4 p.[^171]:

[^37] It was the day of the prolonged and acerbic negotiations which preceded the nomination of Abu Bakr as the successor of the Prophet (a.s) who died just then and was not buried yet at the time of that meeting.

[^38] Bahr al-Ansab, p.[^2]:

[^39] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.50 p.[^236]:

[^40] Dala’il al-Imama, p.[^227]:

[^41] Qunut is a supplication recited in the prayer.

[^42] Muhaj ad-Da’awat, p.62-[^63]:

[^43] Sirat means “way” or “path” but in the Islamic terminology, it means the bridge that dominates the Hell.

[^44] Muhaj ad-Da’awat, p.277-[^278]:

[^45] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.50 p.[^261]:

[^46] Kashf al-Ghummah, vol.3 p.[^200]:

[^47] Kashf al-Ghummah, vol.3, [^202]:

[^48] Kashf al-Ghummah, vol.3 p.[^204]:

[^49] Sahih of at-Tarmithi, vol.2 p.[^308]:

[^50] Majma’ az-Zawa’id, vol.9 p.168, Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol.2 p.43, Tareekh Baghdad, vol.2 p.[^19]:

[^51] Al-Hashimiyyat, p.22-[^23]:

[^52] Al-Fusool al-Muhimmah by ibn as-Sabbagh, p.66, Usool al-Kafi, vol.1 p.[^325]:

[^53] Usool al-Kafi, vol.1 p.[^324]:

[^54] Qur'an, 9:[^115]:

[^55] Qur'an, 2:[^106]:

[^56] Usool al-Kafi, vol.1 p.[^328]:

[^57] Ibid.

[^58] Ibid., p.[^327]:

[^59] Ikmal ad-Deen, vol.2 p.[^55]:

[^60] Ikmal ad-Deen, vol.2 p.[^55]:

[^61] He meant that if the imam died.

[^62] A’lam al-Wara, p.[^368]:

[^63] Ibid.

[^64] Ikmal ad-Deen, vol.2 p.[^50]:

[^65] A ritually impure person: janaba is the major (or minor) ritual impurity caused by sexual intercourse, wet dreams…

[^66] Mir’at az-Zaman, vol.6 p.[^192]:

[^67] Manaqib Aal Abi Talib, vol.4 p.[^433]:

[^68] A’lam al-Wara, p.[^372]:

[^69] Ath-Thaqib fil-Manaqib by Muhammad bin Ali al-Jirjani, p.[^241]:

[^70] Noor al-Absar, p.[^152]:

[^71] Noor al-Absar, p.152, ad-Durr an-Nadheem.

[^72] Manaqib Aal Abi Talib, vol.4 p.[^435]:

[^73] Ad-Durr an-Nadheem fee Manaqib al-A’immah, [^2897]:

[^74] A’lam al-Wara, p.[^375]:

[^75] Al-Manaqib, vol.4 p.437, A’lam al-Wara, p.[^374]:

[^76] A’lam al-Wara, p.[^374]:

[^77] Al-Manaqib, vol4 p.[^438]:

[^78] Al-Manaqib, vol4, p.[^436]:

[^79] A’lam al-Wara, vol375, al-Manaqib, vol.4 p.[^437]:

[^80] Qur'an, 39:[^53]:

[^81] Qur'an, 4:[^116]:

[^82] Ad-Durr an-Nadheem.

[^83] A’lam al-Wara, p.[^375]:

[^84] A’yan ash-Shia.

[^85] A’lam al-Wara, p.[^372]:

[^86] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.50 p.[^261]:

[^87] Ibid., p.[^325]:

[^88] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.50, p.[^327]:

[^89] Al-Irshad.

[^90] Al-Fusool al-Muhimmah, p.[^272]:

[^91] Manaqib Aal Abi Talib, vol.4 p.[^421]:

[^92] Zahrat al-Maqul…, p.[^63]:

[^93] Tathkirat al-Khawas.

[^94] Bahr al-Ansab, p.[^17]:

[^95] Mir’at al-Janan, vol.2 p.[^172]:

[^96] Jami’ Karamat al-Awliya’, vol.1 p.[^389]:

[^97] Kashf al-Ghummah, vol.3 p.223-[^224]:

[^98] Derived from Abu Talib the father of Imam Ali.

[^99] Encyclopedia of al-Bustani, vol.7 p.[^45]:

[^100] Al-A’lam, vol.2 p.[^215]:

[^101] Nuzhat al-Jalees, vol.2 p.[^184]:

[^102] Qur'an, 20:125-[^126]:

[^103] Qur'an, 5:[^3]:

[^104] Qur'an, 42:[^23]:

[^105] Qur'an, 47:[^38]:

[^106] Qur'an, 9:[^105]:

[^107] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p.484-486, Bihar al-Anwar, vol.78 p.374-377, Rijal al-Kashshi, p.354-357,.

[^108] Bihar al-Anwar.

[^109] Qur'an, 4:[^114]:

[^110] Qur'an, 7:[^128]:

[^111] Rawdhat al-Jannat, vol.4 p.273-[^274]:

[^112] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.78 p.[^370]:

[^113] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.78, p.[^372]:

[^114] Rijal al-Kashshi, p.[^358]:

[^115] Rijal al-Kashshi, p.[^358]:

[^116] Ad-Durr an-Nadheem, p.[^224]:

[^117] Ad-Durr an-Nadheem.

[^118] Ad-Durr an-Nadheem, p.[^225]:

[^119] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.78 p.[^338]:

[^120] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.78 p.[^372]:

[^121] Nuzhat an-Nadhir, p.50-[^51]:

[^122] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.78 p.[^338]:

[^123] Ibid., p.[^373]:

[^124] Kashf al-Ghummah, vol.3 p.193, Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.2 p.[^43]:

[^125] Bihar al-Anwar, vol.78 p.[^373]:

[^126] Al-Majalis as-Saniyyah, vol.2 p.[^663]:

[^127] Because that someone finds that he has to answer with the same.

[^128] Spending the night with worshipping.

[^129] Qur'an, 35:[^32]:

[^130] Ath-Thaqib fil-Manaqib by al-Jirjani, p.241-[^242]:

[^131] Qur'an, 13:[^39]:

[^132] Ath-Thaqib fil-Manaqib by al-Jirjani, p.242, Kashf al-Ghummah, vol.3 p.[^209]:

[^133] Qur'an, 30:[^4]:

[^134] Qur'an, 7:[^54]:

[^135] Kashf al-Ghummah, vol.3 p.[^210]:

[^136] Qur'an, 7:[^172]:

[^137] Kashf al-Ghummah, vol.3 p.[^210]:

[^138] Qur'an, 9:[^16]:

[^139] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih.

[^140] Al-Ihtijaj.

[^141] He permitted this tafsir for Safiyuddeen.

[^142] Al-Munyah.

[^143] Sharh al-Mashyakhah.

[^144] Al-Manaqib.

[^145] Ath-Tharee’ah, vol.4 p.[^285]:

[^146] Sanad is the chain of authorities or narrators as an essential part of the transmission of a tradition.

[^147] Ibn an-Nadeem said in al-Fihrist p.274 that al-Hasan bin Zayd ruled in Tabaristan 250AH and died 270AH.

[^148] Qur'an, 18:[^109]:

[^149] Qur'an, 31:[^27]:

[^150] Mu’jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.17 p.[^173]:

[^151] Mu’jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.17, p.[^174]:

[^152] Mu’jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.12 p.[^159]:

[^153] Falah as-Sa’il.

[^154] A’yan ash-Shia, vol.4 p.308-[^309]:

[^155] Mir’at az-Zaman, vol.6 p.[^192]:

[^156] A ritually impure person.

[^157] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.1 p.86, al-Istibsar, vol.1 p.195, at-Tahthib, vol.1 p.[^122]:

[^158] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.1 p.[^171]:

[^159] Qadha’ means the performing of obligations out of their specified time, whereas ada’ is the performing of obligations within their times.

[^160] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.2 p,98, at-Tahthib, vol.1 p.402, al-Istibsar, vol.2 p.[^108]:

[^161] Mawla is an adherent to some person, or a freed slave who is still adherent to his master. Mawali is the plural form.

[^162] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.2 p.[^272]:

[^163] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.2 p.[^272]:

[^164] Ibid., vol.3 p.[^44]:

[^165] Al-Wassa’il, rulings of will.

[^166] At-Tahthib, vol.2 p.115, Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.3 p.[^106]:

[^167] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.3 p.153, at-Tahthib, vol.2 p.[^158]:

[^168] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.3 p.153, at-Tahthib, vol.2 p.[^159]:

[^169] At-Tahthib, vol.2 p.159, Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.3 p.[^153]:

[^170] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.3 p.[^153]:

[^171] At-Tahthib, vol.2 p.332, Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.3 p.[^237]:

[^172] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.3 p.[^322]:

[^173] A prescribed period that a woman has to pass after divorce or after her husband’s death before her remarriage.

[^174] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.3 p.[^328]:

[^175] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.4 p.[^151]:

[^176] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.4, p.[^196]:

[^177] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.4 p.[^155]:

[^178] At-Tahthib, vol.2 p.393, Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.4 p.[^168]:

[^179] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.4 p.176, At-Tahthib, vol.2 p.[^371]:

[^180] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.1 p.[^169]:

[^181] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^182] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^183] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^184] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^185] Ibid.

[^186] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^187] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^188] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^189] Mu’jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.1 p.[^169]:

[^190] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^191] Ibid.

[^192] Bani means ‘the family or the tribe of’.

[^193] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^194] Rijal ibn Dawud.

[^195] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^196] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^197] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^198] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^199] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^200] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^201] Usool al-Kafi, chap. of al-Hujjah.

[^202] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^203] A sect believing that Abdullah al-Aftah the son of Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq (s) was the imam after his father.

[^204] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^205] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^206] Qur'an, 3:[^25]:

[^207] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^208] Rijal al-Barqi.

[^209] A mursal tradition is the tradition that is narrated while one or two of the chain of narrators are missing.

[^210] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^211] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^212] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^213] Mu’jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.2 p.[^329]:

[^214] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^215] Ibid.

[^216] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.4 p.[^367]:

[^217] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol. 2 p.[^367]:

[^218] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^219] We have mentioned it in a previous chapter.

[^220] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^221] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^222] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^223] Ibid.

[^224] Ibid.

[^225] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^226] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.4 p.[^293]:

[^227] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^228] Ibid.

[^229] Ibid.

[^230] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^231] In early Shiism “bab” denotes the senior authorized disciple of the imam.

[^232] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^233] Ibid.

[^234] Ikmal ad-Deen.

[^235] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith.

[^236] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^237] Ibid.

[^238] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^239] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^240] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^241] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith.

[^242] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^243] Rijal al-Barqi.

[^244] Al-Kuna wel Alqab, vol.1 p.[^174]:

[^245] The life of Imam al-Hadi by Baqir Sharif al-Qurashi.

[^246] The progeny of Abu Talib.

[^247] Al-Kuna wel Alqab, vol.1 p.[^176]:

[^248] Maqatil at-Talibiyeen, p.[^164]:

[^249] Tareekh at-Tabari, vol.11 p.[^9]:

[^250] It is the fifth month in the Islamic year.

[^251] Al-Kuna wel Alqab, vol.1 p.[^176]:

[^252] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^253] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^254] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith.

[^255] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^256] Ibid.

[^257] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^258] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^259] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^260] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^261] Ibid.

[^262] Ibid.

[^263] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^264] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.10 p.[^53]:

[^265] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^266] Rijal al-Barqi.

[^267] The alteration of Allah’s purpose, the emergence of new circumstances, which cause a change in an earlier ruling.

[^268] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^269] Ibid.

[^270] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^271] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^272] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^273] Al-Ghaybah by Sheikh at-Toosi.

[^274] Usool al-Kafi.

[^275] Al-Kuna wel Alqab, vol.3 p.[^267]:

[^276] Ibid., p.[^268]:

[^277] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^278] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^279] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^280] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^281] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^282] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^283] Rijal al-Barqi.

[^284] Al-Ghaybah.

[^285] Ibid.

[^286] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^287] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^288] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^289] A sect believing that Abdullah al-Aftah the son of Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq (s) was the imam after his father.

[^290] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^291] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^292] Ibid.

[^293] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^294] Ibid.

[^295] Ibid.

[^296] Ibid.

[^297] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^298] Ibid.

[^299] Ibid.

[^300] Ibid.

[^301] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^302] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^303] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^304] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^305] Ibid.

[^306] Ibid.

[^307] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^308] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^309] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^310] Usool al-Kafi.

[^311] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^312] Rijal al-Barqi.

[^313] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^314] Ibid.

[^315] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^316] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith.

[^317] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^318] Ibid.

[^319] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^320] The waqifites were a group of people believing in the imamate of the first seven imams from Imam Ali (a.s.) to Imam Musa bin Ja’far al-Kadhim (a.s.) and did not believe in the rest five imams.

[^321] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^322] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^323] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^324] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^325] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^326] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^327] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^328] Ibid.

[^329] Ibid.

[^330] Ibid.

[^331] Ibid.

[^332] Ikmaluddeen.

[^333] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^334] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^335] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^336] Usool al-Kafi, vol.1 chap. al-Hujja.

[^337] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.16 p.[^310]:

[^338] Man La Yahdhuruhu al-Faqih, vol.2 chap. of “rarities of the hajj”.

[^339] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.16 p.[^310]:

[^340] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^341] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.16 p.[^350]:

[^342] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^343] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^344] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^345] Ibid.

[^346] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol. 17 p.[^126]:

[^347] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^348] Rijal al-Kashshi.

[^349] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.17 p.[^323]:

[^350] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^351] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith.

[^352] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^353] Ibid.

[^354] Ibid.

[^355] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^356] Ibid.

[^357] Rijal an-Najashi.

[^358] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^359] Ibid.

[^360] Ibid.

[^361] Ikmaluddeen.

[^362] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^363] Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol.20 p.[^200]:

[^364] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^365] Ibid.

[^366] Rijal at-Toosi.

[^367] Tareekh at-Tamaddun al-Islami (the history of the Islamic civilization), vol.5 p.[^79]:

[^368] Al-Wuzara’ wel Kuttab (viziers and clerks), p.[^288]:

[^369] The life of Imam Musa bin Ja’far.

[^370] Al-Wuzara’ wel Kuttab, p.[^142]:

[^371] Ibid., p.[^268]:

[^372] Al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol.6 p.[^268]:

[^373] Al-Fakhri, p.[^164]:

[^374] Al-Wulat wel Qudhat (walis and judges), p.125-[^126]:

[^375] An-Nujoom az-Zahirah, vol.2 p.54, al-Khutat by al-Maqrizi, vol.2 p.[^94]:

[^376] Al-Akhbar at-Tuwal, p.[^384]:

[^377] Al-Wuzara’ wel Kuttab, p.[^250]:

[^378] Nashwar al-Muhadharah, vol.1 p.[^293]:

[^379] Al-Muntadham, vol.6 p.[^253]:

[^380] An-Nujoom az-Zahira, vol.2 p.[^65]:

[^381] Al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol.6 p.[^319]:

[^382] Ibid.

[^383] Al-Mustadhraf min Akhbar al-Jawari by Salahuddeen, p.[^28]:

[^384] Tareekh al-Khulafa’ by as-Sayouti, p.[^384]:

[^385] Al-Aghani, vol.16 p.[^226]:

[^386] Samt an-Nujoom al-Awali, vol.3 p.[^354]:

[^387] Nisa’ al-Khulafa’ (the caliph’s women) by ibn as-Sa’iy, p.[^86]:

[^388] Al-Aghani, vol.14 p.[^193]:

[^389] Al-Aghani, vol.14 p.[^193]:

[^390] Al-aghani.

[^391] Uyoon at-Tawareekh, vol.6 p.[^170]:

[^392] Mir’at az-Zaman, vol.6 p.[^158]:

[^393] Murooj ath-Thahab, vol.2 p.[^366]:

[^394] Al-Wuzara’ wel Kuttab, p.[^192]:

[^395] Al-Mahasin wel Masawi’, p.[^585]:

[^396] Safeenat al-Bihar, vol.2 p.[^158]:

[^397] Maqatil at-Talibiyeen, p.[^604]:

[^398] Ibid., p.[^615]:

[^399] Qur'an, 2:[^255]:

[^400] Qur'an, 18:[^57]:

[^401] Qur'an, 54:[^23]:

[^402] Qur'an, 16:[^108]:

[^403] Qur'an, 17:45-[^46]:

[^404] Muhaj ad-Da’awat, p.44-[^45]:

[^405] Muhaj ad-Da’awat, p.[^45]:

[^406] The unjust ruler.

[^407] The awaited savior.

[^408] He meant by “the truth” the savior who would rule with justice, and remove all kinds of oppression.

[^409] Muhaj ad-Da’awat, p.63-[^67]:

[^410] Lectures on the History of the Islamic nations, p.[^270]:

[^411] Al-Mahasin wel Masawi’, p.531, al-Fakhri, p.[^214]:

[^412] Tareekh al-Ya’qubi, vol.3 p.[^125]:

[^413] Maqatil at-Talibiyeen, p.[^164]:

[^414] Hamish (footnote or margin) al-Kuna wel Alqab, vol.2 p.[^402]:

[^415] Nowadays Damascus , but then, Sham encompassed the present Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine.

[^416] Mir’at az-Zaman, vol.6 p.[^169]:

[^417] Murooj ath-Thahab, vol.4 p.[^61]:

[^418] Al-Fakhri, p.[^181]:

[^419] Al-Manaqib, vol. 4 p.[^424]:

[^420] Jawharat al-Kalam, p.154, Akhbar ad-Duwal, p.[^117]:

[^421] Rijal al-Kashshi, p.[^353]:

[^422] Al-Bayan wet-Tebyeen, vol.3 p.370-[^371]:

[^423] Al-Aghani, vol.19 p.[^116]:

[^424] Tareekh al-Khulafa’ by as-Sayouti, p.[^346]:

[^425] Akhbar ad-Duwal, p.[^117]:

[^426] Tareekh al-Khulafa’, [^346]:

[^427] Nisa’ al-Khulafa’ (the caliphs’ women), p.[^92]:

[^428] Lectures on the History of the Islamic nations, p.265-[^266]:

[^429] Ad-Diyarat, p.[^26]:

[^430] Baynal Khulafa’ wel Khula’a’ (between the caliphs and the dissolute), p.[^115]:

[^431] Thimar al-Quloob (fruits of hearts), p.[^122]:

[^432] Encyclopedia of the Twentieth Century, vol.10 p.[^964]:

[^433] Mir’at az-Zaman, vol.6 p.[^69]:

[^434] Nisa’ al-Khulafa’, p.95-[^96]:

[^435] Zahr al-Adaab, vol.4 p.[^31]:

[^436] Baynal Khulafa’ wel Khula’a’, p.[^108]:

[^437] Mir’at az-Zaman, vol.6 p.[^169]:

[^438] Uyoon at-Tawareekh, vol.6 p.[^170]:

[^439] Akhbar al-Buhturi by as-Sawli, p.[^89]:

[^440] Maqatil at-Talibiyeen, p.[^597]:

[^441] Ibid., p.[^599]:

[^442] Akhbar ad-Duwal, p.[^359]:

[^443] Maqatil at-Talibiyin, p.[^598]:

[^444] Maqatil at-Talibiyin, p.[^598]:

[^445] Fawat al-Wafiyyat, vol.1 p.[^203]:

[^446] Imam Husayn (a.s).

[^447] The Abbasids who were the cousins of the Prophet (a.s) and of Imam Husayn (a.s).

[^448] Akhbar ad-Duwal, p.159, Tareekh al-Khulafa’, p.[^347]:

[^449] Qur'an, 45:[^21]:

[^450] Rawdhat al-A’yan, manuscript.

[^451] Murooj ath-Thahab, vol.4 p.44-[^45]:

[^452] Fadak was a very vast, fertile village that the Prophet (s) had donated to his daughter Fatima (s). It was rich of date palms and other fruitful trees.

[^453] Tareekh al-Khulafa’ by as-Sayooti, p.[^357]:

[^454] It is the fourth month in the Islamic lunar calendar.

[^455] Al-Anba’ fee Tareekh al-Khulafa’.

[^456] Tareekh al-Khulafa’, p.[^357]:

[^457] Usool al-Kafi, vol.1 p.[^508]:

[^458] Jawharat al-Kalam, p.[^155]:

[^459] Muhaj ad-Da’awat, p.[^273]:

[^460] Al-Ghaybah by Sheikh at-Toosi, p.[^132]:

[^461] Tareekh al-Khulafa’, p.358-[^359]:

[^462] Al-Fakhri, p.[^132]:

[^463] Dala’il al-Imamah, p.225, Muhaj ad-Da’awat.

[^464] Dala’il al-Imamah, p.[^225]: Akhbar ad-Duwal, p.117.

[^465] Tareekh al-Khulafa’, p.[^360]:

[^466] Tareekh ibn al-Atheer, vol.5 p.[^344]:

[^467] Murooj ath-Thahab, vol.4 p.[^124]:

[^468] Muhaj ad-Da’awat, p.[^274]:

[^469] Ibid.

[^470] Murooj ath-Thahab, vol.4 p.[^127]:

[^471] Murooj ath-Thahab, vol.4, p.[^138]:

[^472] Tareekh al-Khulafa’, p.[^363]:

[^473] Qur'an, 61:[^8]:

[^474] Muhaj ad-Da’awat, p.[^274]:

[^475] Kifayat al-Athar.

[^476] Illiyin is the highest position in the Paradise.

[^477] Ikmaluddeen by Sheikh as-Saduq, p.216-[^217]:

[^478] Those who defines certain dates for the reappearance of the awaited imam (a.s.).

[^479] Kifayat al-Athar.

[^480] Kifayat al-Athar, Ikmaluddeen, p.[^228]:

[^481] Kifayat al-Athar.

[^482] Muhaj ad-Da’awat, p.[^274]:

[^483] Al-Irshad, p.[^383]:

[^484] Al-Irshad, p.[^383]:

[^485] Al-Irshad, p.[^383]:

[^486] Al-Irshad, p.383, Encyclopedia of al-Bustani, vol.7 p.[^45]:

[^487] Takbir is the saying “Allahu Akbar-Allah is great” and tahlil is the saying “la illaha illallah-there is no god but Allah”.

[^488] Kashf al-Ghummah.

[^489] Tareekh Baghdad, vol.7 p.[^366]:

[^490] Mir’at al-Jinan, vol.2 p.462, Tareekh al-Khamees, vol.2 p.343, Tareekh ibn al-Wardi, vol.1 p.[^325]:

[^491] Jami’ al-Akhbar, p.42, Akhbar ad-Duwal, p.117, al-Irshad, p.[^389]: