INTRODUCTION

1. The Arabic Alphabet.

2. The Arabic Consonatial System

3. One Direction Connectors

4. Emphatic Consonants

5. Short Vowels in Arabic

6. Nunation.

7. The Shadda

8. The Sun Letters.

9. The Moon Letters

10. Arabic Syntax.

11. The Definite Article in Arabic.

12. The Arabic Morphology.

13. The Feminine Marker.

14. The Personal pronouns

15. All countries, towns, villages, etc.

16. Definiteness in Arabic.

17. The Nisba

18. Long vowel to a Diphthong.

19. The Possessive pronouns

20. Sentences in Arabic.

21. The Vocative Particle يا 

22. Idaafa  الاضافة

23. The Simple Idaafa

24. The Diptotes

25. Demonstrative Pronouns.

26. The Equational Sentences.

27. Interrogative Particles.  أ / هل

28. Indefinite Noun Subject.

29. Negating Equational Sentences.

30. The Subject markers

32. Interrogative Particles أ / هل   (revisited).

33. The Idaafa (revisited).

34. Verb-Subject Agreement.

36. Helping Vowels

37. Object Pronouns.

38. The word ما

39. The Cluster Buster.

40. Negation of Past Tense Verbs.

41.  هُنا / هُناكَ

42.  کُلُّ

43. The conjunction (  و)

45. Emphasis/Contrast

46. The Defacto Case of the Noun and Adjective

47. لِماذا (why)

48. When it means “how many,” کَم  

49. Numbers

50. Plurals

51. Numbers (Revisited)

52.  أيَّـةُ / أيُّ

53. Verb Object Pronouns

54. Object Pronouns of Prepositions

55. Prepositions

56. Feminine Sound Plurals

57. The Roots.

58. The Verb Form Numbers

59. The Phonological Environment for Form VIII Verb

60. Non-human Plurals

62. The Conjunction  لکنَّ

63. The Singular Subject and its mood markers

64. The Plural Subject and mood markers.

65. The Present Tense of the Arabic verb

66. The Moods. The Present tense verb in Arabic has three moods.

67. Vowels of the Present Tense Verb

68. حتـَّی 

69. Negation of Present and Future Tense Verbs

70. The Sick Verbs الافعال المعتلة

72. The Plural Vocatives   أيـُّها  and أيـَّتـُها

73. Masculine Sound Plural

74. Negation of the Future Tense (Revisited).

75. Verbs with Two Objects.

76. The Semi-Diptotes

77. کانَ & her Sisters  ( أصبحَ ، بَقيَ ، ما زالَ ، ظلَّ ، صارَ ، لـَيسَ)

78. Nouns are said to be in Apposition   البَدَل

79. The Moody Present Tense.

80. In the Subjunctive Mood

81. أن

83. The Nominalizer إنَّ & her Sisters ( لعلَّ ، أنَّ ، کأنَّ ، لکنَّ ، لأنَّ )

84. Adjectives

85.  کانَ& her Sisters (Revisited).

86. Phony/Fake Idaafa.

87. If the Perfect Particle  قد

88. The Verbal Noun  المَصدَر 

89. Forms of Verbal Nouns

90. The Dropping of the Shadda of إنَّ and her sisters لکنَّ ، کأنَّ ، أنَّ

91. The Relative Pronouns  ضَمائرَ الوصل

92. ما (Revisited)

93. The Cognate Accusative  المَفعولُ المُطلق

94. The noun  نـَفسُ 

95. The Emphasis  التوکيد

96. غيرُ

97. The Imperative Mood

99. The preposition  مُنذ

100. The Apposition  البَدَل (Revisted)

101. Verbs of Beginning. Past tense verbs like بَدأ ، أخَذَ ، جَعَلَ  

102. The Active Participle  إسمُ الفاعِل

103. The Derivation of the Active Participle.

104. The nouns  أبٌ and  أخٌ 

105. The Haal Construction الحال

A Hundred and One Rules in Arabic Grammar!

36. Helping Vowels
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Helping Vowels replace the Zero Vowel when the following word starts
with Hamza. Therefore, an environment for using a helping vowel will be
created every time one uses a definite article. The purpose of this
Phonological Rule is to provide a smooth transition from one word to the
next. Generally speaking, this transition is governed by the following
rules.

a. If the proceeding vowel is FatHa the helping vowel is Kasra.

**Is the book new?    (هَلْ ) هَل ِ الکتابُ جديدٌ؟**

b. If the proceeding vowel is Kasra, the helping vowel is FatHa.

**This pencil is from the office.     مِنَ المکتَبِ.    هذا القلمُ
(مِنْ)**

c. If the proceeding vowel is Dhamma, the helping vowel is Dhamma.

<p dir="rtl">
**لماذا (قابَلتـُمْ) قابَلتـُمُ
المديرَةَ؟                                      **
</p>

Why did you (m, pl) meet the director (f)?


