Al-muqaddimah Al-ajurrumiyyah [on the Science of Arabic Grammar]
The Chapter on the MUBTADA’ and the KHABAR
The Mubtada’ is an Ism that is Marfū‘ and is stripped of verbally expressed ‘Awāmil[^50] .
The Khabar is an Ism that is Marfū‘ and is predicated to it (i.e. the Mubtada’, so as to give information about it) like when you say:
زيدقائم (Zaydis standing )
الزيدانقلئمان (The two Zaydsare standing )
الزيدونقائمون [The Zayds (pl.)are standing ]
and structures similar to that.
The Mubtada’ is (of) two types: Ḍāhir and Muđmar.
The Ḍāhir has (already) been mentioned.
The Muđmar is twelve and they are:
أنا [I (masc. fem.)]
نحن [We (masc./fem. dual/pl.)]
أنتَ [You (masc. sing.)]
أنتِ [You (fem. sing.)]
أنتُما [You (masc./fem. dual)]
أنتُمْ [You (masc. pl.)]
أنتُنَّ [You (fem. pl.)]
هو He
هي She
هما [They (masc. dual)]
همْ [They (masc. pl.)]
هنَّ [They (fem. pl.)]
Like when you say:
أنا قائم [I (masc.) am standing]
نحن قائمون [We (masc. pl.) are standing]
The Khabar is (of) two types: Mufrad (single word) and Ghayr al-Mufrad (not a single word i.e. compound).
The Mufrad is like:
زيدقائم (Zaydis standing )
The Ghayr al-Mufrad is four things:
the Jarr wa Majrūr
the Ẓarf
the Fi‘l with its Fā‘il
the Mubtada’ with its Khabar
زيدفي الدار (Zaydis in the house )
زيد عندك (Zaydis with you )
زيدقام أبوه (Zayd,his father is standing )
زيدجاريتُه ذاهبةٌ (Zayd,his maid is going )