Al-muqaddimah Al-ajurrumiyyah [on the Science of Arabic Grammar]
The Chapter on the Ḥāl
The Ḥāl is an Ism that is Manṣūb and specifies or clarifies what is vague as regards states or conditions[^73] , like when you say:
جاء زيدٌراكباً (Zayd cameriding )
ركبتُ الفرس مُسرَجاً (I rode the horsesaddled )
لقيتُ عبد اللهراكباً (I met ‘Abdullahwhilst riding )[^74]
and what is similar to that.
The Ḥāl does not occur except as an Ism Nakirah and does not occur except after the completion of the Kalām[^75] .
Its Ṣāḥib (subject of the state i.e. the one who is in the particular state) does not occur except as an Ism Ma‘rifah[^76] .