Ijtihad: Its Meaning, Sources, Beginnings and the Practice of Ra'y

• Section 1 : Introduction
• `ijtihad' in the Utterances of the Prophet (s)
• Second Definition of Ijtihad
• Objections Against the Definition
• Section 2 : the Holy Qur'an As the First Source of Ijtihad
• E. Shafi’i Works On Fiqh Al-qur’an
• The Qur'an On Muhkamat and Mutashabihat
• Qur'anic Exegesis Through Khabar Al-wahid
• Section 3 : Factors Responsible For Emergence of the Practice of Ra'y
• Critique of the Tradition Narrated About Mu'adh
• Critique of the Second Riwayah
• Section 4 : the Beginnings of Shi’i Ijtihad
• Conclusion
• Difference of Viewpoints, a Bounty