Islamic Studies: a Bibliography (books—in English)

V - Sufism: Abbas, Shemeem Burney. The Female Voice in Sufi Ritual: Devotional Practices of Pakistan and India. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2003.

‘Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (Muhtar Holland, trans.). The Book of the Secret of Secrets and the Manifestation of Lights (Kitāb Sirr al-Asrār wa Mazhar al-Anwār). Fort Lauderdale, FL:Al-Baz Publ., 2000.

‘Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (Muhtar Holland, trans.). Fifteen Letters (Khamsata ‘Ashara Maktūban). Hollywood, FL: Al-Baz Publ., 1997.

‘Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (Muhtar Holland, trans.). The Sublime Revelation (Al-Fath ar-Rabbānī). Fort Lauderdale, FL: Al-Baz Publ., 2nd ed., 1998.

‘Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (Muhtar Holland, trans.). Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of the Truth (Al-Ghunya li-Tālibī Tarīq al-Haqq), 5 Vols. Hollywood, FL: Al-Baz Publ., 1995-1997.

‘Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (Muhtar Holland, trans.). Utterances of Shaikh ‘Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (Malfūzāt). Ft. Lauderdale, FL: Al-Baz Publ., 2nd ed., 1998.

Abdel-Kader, Ali Hassan. The Life, Personality and Writings of al-Junayd: A Study of a Third/Ninth Century Mystic with an Edition and Translation of his Writings. London: Luzac & Co.,1976.

Abrahamov, Binyamin. Divine Love in Islamic Mysticism: The Teachings of al-Ghazālī and al-Dabbāgh. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002.

Abun-Nasr, Jamil M.The Tijaniyya: A Sufi Order in the Modern World. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.

Addas, Claude.Quest for the Red Sulphur: The Life of Ibn ‘Arabī. Cambridge, UK: The Islamic Texts Society, 1993.

Affifi, Abu’l-A‘la.The Mystical Philosophy of Muhyīd’Dīn Ibnul-‘Arabī. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1936.

Andrae, Tor.In the Garden of Myrtles: Studies in Early Islamic Mysticism. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1987.

Andreyev, Sergei.Sufi Illuminati: The Rawshani Movement in Muslim Mysticism, Society and Politics. London: Curzon Press, 2000.

Arberry, Arthur John, trans. The Doctrine of the Sufis (translation of Kalābādhī’s Kitāb al-ta‘arruf ). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

Arberry, Arthur John.Discourses of Rumi. London: John Murray, 1961.

Arberry, Arthur John.Mystical Poems of Rūmī. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1968.

Arberry, Arthur John.Mystical Poems of Rūmī, 2: Second Selection. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Arberry, Arthur John.A Sufi Martyr: The Apologia of ‘Ain al-Qudāt al-Hamadhāni. London:George Allen & Unwin, 1969.

Arberry, Arthur John.Sufism: An Account of the Mystics of Islam. London: Allen and Unwin, 1950.

Arberry, Arthur John.More Tales from the Masnavi. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1963.

Arberry, Arthur John.Tales from the Masnavi. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1961.

Attar, Farid ud-Din (Dick Davis and Afkham Darbandi, trans.).The Conference of the Birds. London: Penguin Books, 1984.

Awn, Peter J.Satan’s Tragedy and Redemption: Iblīs in Sufi Psychology. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1983.

Baldick, Julian.Mystical Islam: An Introduction to Sufism. Washington Square, NY: New York University Press, 1989.

Baldick, Julian.Imaginary Muslims: The Uwaysi Sufis of Central Asia. Washington Square, NY: New York University Press, 1993.

Banani, Amin, Richard Hovannisian and George Sabagh, eds.Poetry and Mysticism in Islam: The Heritage of Rumi. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Baqli, Ruzbihan (Carl W. Ernst, trans.).The Unveiling of Secrets: Diary of a Sufi Master. Chapel Hill, NC: Parvardigar Press, 1997.

Bashir, Shahzad.Messianic Hopes and Mystical Visions: The Nūrbakhshīya between Medieval and Modern Islam. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2003.

Bennigsen, Alexandre, et al.Mystics and Commissars: Sufism in the Soviet Union. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986.

Birge, John K.The Bektashi Order of Dervishes. London: Luzac & Co., 1937.

Böwering, Gerhard.Mystical Vision of Existence in Classical Islam: The Qur’anic Hermeneutics of the Sufi Sahl al-Tustarī. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1980.

Brenner, Louis. West African Sufi: The Religious Heritage and Spiritual Search of Cerno Bokar Saalif Taal. London: C, Hurst & Co., 1984.

de Bruijn, J.T.P.Persian Sufi Poetry. Surrey: Curzon, 1997.

Buehler, Arthur F.Sufi Heirs of the Prophet: The Indian Naqshbandiyya and the Rise of the Mediating Sufi Shaykh. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1998.

Burckhardt, Titus.Introduction to Sufism. London: Thorsons, 1995.

Burckhardt, Titus.Mystical Astrology According to Ibn ‘Arabi. Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 2001.

Chittick, William C.Imaginal Worlds: Ibn al-‘Arabī and the Problem of Religious Diversity. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1995.

Chittick, William C. The Self-Disclosure of God: Principles of Ibn al-‘Arabī’s Cosmology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1997.

Chittick, William C.The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-‘Arabī’s Metaphysics of Imagination. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1989.

Chittick, William C.Sufism: A Short Introduction. Oxford, England: Oneworld, 2000.

Chittick, William C., ed.Faith and Practice of Islam: Three Thirteenth Century Sufi Texts. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992.

Chittick, William C., trans. and ed.The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1983.

Chittick, William C. and Peter Lamborn Wilson, trans.Fakhruddin ‘Iraqi--Divine Flashes. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1982.

Chodkiewicz, Michel.An Ocean Without Shore: Ibn ‘Arabi, The Book, and The Law. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1993.

Chodkiewicz, Michel.The Seal of the Saints: Prophethood and Sainthood in the Doctrine of Ibn ‘Arabī. Cambridge, UK: The Islamic Texts Society, 1993.

Coates, Peter.Ibn ‘Arabi and Modern Thought: The History of Taking Metaphysics Seriously. Oxford, UK: Anqa Publ., 2002.

Corbin, Henry.Creative Imagination in the Sūfism of Ibn ‘Arabī. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998.

Corbin, Henri (Nancy Pearson, trans.).The Man of Light in Iranian Sufism . Boulder, CO: Shambhala, 1978.

Corbin, Henry (Joseph H. Rowe, trans.).*The Voyage and the Messenger: Iran and Philosophy.  * Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1998.

Cornell, Rkia E. (intro. and trans.). Early Sufi Women (Dhikr an-niswa al-muta‘ābbidāt as-Sūffiyāt. Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 1999.

Cornell, Vincent J.Realm of the Saint: Power and Authority in Moroccan Sufism. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1998.

Cornell, Vincent J.The Way of Abu Madyan. Cambridge, UK: The Islamic Texts Society, 1996.

Cragg, Kenneth.The Wisdom of the Sufis. New York: W.W. Norton, 1976.

Currie, P.M.The Shrine and Cult of Mu‘īn al-Dīn Chishtī of Ajmer. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Danner, Victor and Wheeler M. Thackston, trans.Ibn ‘Ata’ Illah—The Book of Wisdom/Kwaja Abdullah Ansari—Intimate Conversations. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1988.

Eaton, Richard M.Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700: Social Roles of Sufis in Medieval India. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978.

Elias, Jamal J., trans.The Sufi Poems of Sultan Bahu. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998.

Elmore, Gerald T., ed.Islamic Sainthood in the Fullness of Time: Ibn al-‘Arabi’s Book of the Fabulous Gryphon. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1999.

Ernst, Carl W. Eternal Garden: Mysticism, History, and Politics at a South Asian Sufi Center. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992.

Ernst, Carl W. Ruzbihan Baqli: Mystical Experience and the Rhetoric of Sainthood in Persian Sufism. London: Curzon Press, 1996.

Ernst, Carl W.The Shambhala Guide to Sufism. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1997.

Ernst, Carl W.Words of Ecstasy in Sufism . Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1984.

Ernst, Carl W. and Bruce B. Lawrence.Sufi Martyrs of Love: The Chishti Order in South Asia and Beyond. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

Farhadi, A.G. Ravan.Abdullah Ansari of Herat: An Early Sufi Master. Surrey: Curzon, 1996.

Friedlander, Shems.Rumi and the Whirling Dervishes. New York: Parabola Books, revised ed., 2003.

Gilsenan, Michael.Saint and Sufi in Modern Egypt. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1973.

Hammarlund, Anders, et al., eds.Sufism, Music and Society in Turkey and the Middle East. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2001.

Heer, Nicholas and Kenneth L. Honerkamp, (intro. and trans.).Three Early Sufi Texts. Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 2003.

Helminksi, Camille Adams, ed.Women of Sufism, A Hidden Treasure: Writings and Stories of Mystic Poets, Scholars & Saints. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 2003.

Hoffman, Valerie.Sufism, Mystics, and Saints in Modern Egypt. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1995.

Homerin, Th. Emil.From Arab Poet to Muslim Saint: Ibn al-Farid, His Verse, and His Shrine. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1994.

Huda, Qumar-ul.Striving for Divine Union: Spiritual Exercises for Suhrawardī Sufis. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

Ibn ’Abbad of Ronda (John Renard, trans.).Letters on the Sufi Path. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1982.

Ibn al-‘Arabī (R.W.J. Austin, trans.).Bezels of Wisdom. New York: Paulist Press, 1980.

Ibn al-‘Arabī (Cecilia Twinch and Pablo Beneito, trans.).Contemplation of the Holy Mysteries. Oxford, UK: Anqa Publ., 2001.

Ibn al-‘Arabī (Rabia Harris, trans.)Journey to the Lord of Power: A Sufi Manual on Retreat. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions, 1981.

Ibn al-‘Arabī, Muhyiddin (Raghavan Iyer, ed., with introductory essay by Elton Hall).TheSeals of Wisdom (ten selections from the Fusus al-Hikam). Santa Barbara, CA: Concord Grove Press, 1983.

Ibn al-‘Arabī (Pablo Beneito and Stephen Hertenstein, trans.).The Seven Days of the Heart: Prayers for the Days and Nights of the Week. Oxford, UK: Anqa Publ., 2000.

Ibn al-‘Arabī (R.W.J. Austin, trans.).Sufis of Andalusia: The Rūh al-quds and Al-Durrat al-fākhirah. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1971.

Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah al-Iskandari (Mary Ann Koury-Danner, trans.). The Key to Salvation: A Sufi Manual of Invocation. Cambridge, UK: The Islamic Texts Society, 1996.

Ibn al-Fārid, ‘Umar (Th. Emil Homerin, trans.).Sufi Verse, Saintly Life. Mahwah, NJ: PaulistPress, 2001.

Ingram, Harold, et al.Studies in Islamic Mysticism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.

‘Iraqi, Fakhruddin (William Chittick and Peter Wilson, trans.).Divine Flashes. Mahwah, NJ:Paulist Press, 1982.

Islam, Riazul.Sufism in South Asia: Impact on Fourteenth Century Muslim Society. Karachi:Oxford University Press, 2002.

al-Jīlānī, Hadrat ‘Abd al-Qādir (Shaykh Tosun Bayrak al-Jerrahi al-Halveti, interpretative trans.).The Secret of Secrets. Cambridge, UK: The Islamic Texts Society, 1992.

Jurji, Edward J.Illumination in Islamic Mysticism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,1937.

Karamustafa, Ahmet T.God’s Unruly Friends: Dervish Groups in the Islamic Later Middle Period,1200-1550. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press, 1994.

Karrar, Ali S.The Sufi Brotherhoods in the Sudan. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press,1992.

Keshavarz, Fatemeh (Frederick M. Denny, ed.).Reading Mystical Lyric: The Case of Jalal al-Din Rumi. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1998.

Knysh, Alexander.Islamic Mysticism: A Short History. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2000.

Lawrence, Bruce B., ed.Nizam ad-din Awliya--Morals for the Heart. New York: Paulist Press, 1992.

Lawrence, Bruce B.Notes from a Distant Flute: Sufi Literature in Pre-Mughal India. Tehran: Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy, 1978.

Lewis, Franklin D.Rumi: Past and Present, East and West—The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalāl al-Din Rumi. Oxford, UK: Oneworld, 2000.

Lewisohn, Leonard. Beyond Faith and Infidelity: The Sufi Poetry and Teachings of Mahmud Shabistari. Surrey: Curzon, 1995.

Lewisohn, Leonard, ed. The Heritage of Sufism, Vol. I: Classical Persian Sufism from its Origins to Rumi (700-1300). Oxford, England: Oneworld, 1999.

Lewisohn, Leonard, ed. The Heritage of Sufism, Vol. II: The Legacy of Medieval Persian Sufism (1150-1500). Oxford, England: Oneworld, 1999.

Lewisohn, Leonard and David Morgan, eds. The Heritage of Sufism, Vol. III: Late Classical Persianate Sufism (1501-1750). Oxford, England: Oneworld, 1999.

Lewisohn, Leonard, ed.The Wisdom of Sufism. Oxford, UK: Oneworld, 2001.

Lings, Martin.A Sufi Saint of the Twentieth Century, Shaikh Ahmad al-‘Alawī: His Spiritual Heritage and Legacy. London: George Allen & Unwin, 2nd ed., 1971.

Lings, Martin.What is Sufism? Cambridge, UK: The Islamic Texts Society, 1993 (reprint ed.).

Maneri, Sharafuddin (Paul Jackson, trans.).The Hundred Letters. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press,1980.

Mason, Herbert.The Death of al-Hallāj: A Dramatic Narrative. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1991 (originally published, 1979).

Mason, Herbert W.Al-Hallaj. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1995.

Massignon, Louis (Benjamin Clark, trans.).Essay on the Origins of the Technical Language of Islamic Mysticism. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1997.

Massignon, Louis (Herbert Mason, trans.). The Passion of al-Hallaj, Mystic and Martyr of Islam, 4 Vols. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982.

Meier, Fritz (John O’Kane, trans.).Essays on Islamic Piety and Mysticism. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1999.

Meisami, Julie.Medieval Persian Court Poetry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.

Milson, Menahem, trans.A Sufi Rule for Novices: Kitāb Ādāb al-murīdīn of Abū Najīb al-Suhrawardī. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973.

Mojaddedi, Jawid A.The Biographical Tradition in Sufism: The tabaqāt genre from al-Sulamī to Jāmī. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2001.

Murata, Sachiko.Chinese Gleams of Sufi Light: Wang Tai-Yü’s Great Learning of the Pure and Real and Liu Chih’s Displaying the Concealment of the Real Realm. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2000.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein.Sufi Essays. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2nd ed.,1991.

Netton, Ian Richard.Sufi Ritual: The Parallel Universe. Richmond, England: Curzon Press, 2000.

Nicholson, Reynold A.The Idea of Personality in Sufism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1923.

Nicholson, Reynold A., ed. and trans.A Rumi Anthology. Oxford, UK: Oneworld, 2000.

Nicholson, Reynold A.Studies in Islamic Mysticism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1921.

Nicholson, Reynold A., ed. and trans.Mathnawi of Jalaluddin Rumi. London: E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Trust/Luzac & Co., 1977.

Nizam, ad-Din Awliya’ (Bruce B. Lawrence, trans. and ed.).Morals for the Heart. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Pess, 1992.

Nurbakhsh, Javad.Dogs from a Sufi Point of View. London: Khaniqahi Nimatullahi Publ., 1989.

Nurbakhsh, Javad.The Psychology of Sufism. New York: Khaniqahi Nimatullahi Publ., 1992.

Nurbakhsh, Javad.Spiritual Poverty in Sufism . London: Khaniqahi Nimatullahi Publ., 1984.

Nurbakhsh, Javad.Sufism: Meaning, Knowledge and Unity. New York: Khaniqahi Nimatullahi Publ., 1981.

Nurbakhsh, Javad.Sufi Symbolism, 5 Vols. London: Khaniqahi Nimatullahi Publ., 1984-1995.

Nurbakhsh, Javad.Sufi Women. London: Khaniqahi Nimatullahi Publ., 2nd ed., 1990.

Nurbakhsh, Javad.In the Tavern of Ruin: Seven Essays on Sufism. New York: Khaniqahi Nimatullahi Publ., 2nd ed., 1992.

O’Fahey, R.S.Enigmatic Saint: Ahmad Ibn Idris and the Idrisi Tradition. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1990.

Özdalga, Elisabeth, ed.The Naqshbandis in Western and Central Asia . London: Curzon Press, 1999.

Pendlebury, David, trans. and ed.Yusuf and Zulaikha: An Allegorical Romance, by Hakim Abdurrahman Jami. London: Octagon Press, 1980.

Al-Qushayrī (B.R. von Schlegell, trans.).Principles of Sufism. Berkeley, CA: Mizan Press, 1990.

Radtke, B. and J. O’Kane.The Concept of Sainthood in Early Islamic Mysticism. Surrey: Curzon, 1996.

Radtke, Berndt, et al., trans. and eds.The Exoteric Ahmad Ibn Idris: a Sufi’s Critique of the Madhahib and the Wahhabis—Four Arabic Texts with Translation and Commentary. Leiden:E.J. Brill, 1999.

Ramakrishna, Lajwanti.Panjabi Sufi Poets. London: Oxford University Press, 1938.

Renard, John, S.J., trans.Ibn ‘Abbād of Ronda: Letters on the Sufi Path. New York: Paulist Press, 1988.

Renard, John.All the King’s Falcons: Rumi on Prophets and Revelation. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1994.

Renard, John, ed.Knowledge of God in Classical Sufism. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 2004.

Roberts, Allen F. and Mary Nooter Roberts (with Gassia Armenian and Ousmane Gueye).A Saint in the City: Sufi Arts of Urban Senegal. Los Angeles: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 2003.

el-Sakkakini, Widad.First Among Sufis: The Life and Thought of Rabia al-Adawiyya, the Woman Saint of Basra. London: Octagon Press, 1982.

Sanai, Hakim (D.L. Pendlebury, trans.).The Walled Garden of Truth. London: Octagon Press, (abridged ed.), 1974.

Schimmel, Annemarie.As Through a Veil: Mystical Poetry in Islam. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.

Schimmel, Annemarie.I Am Wind, You Are Fire: The Life and Work of Rumi. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1992.

Schimmel, Annemarie.Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1975.

Schimmel, Annemarie.The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of Jalāloddin Rumi. London: Fine Books, 1978.

Schimmel, Annemarie.A Two-Colored Brocade: The Imagery of Persian Poetry. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.

Schimmel, Annemarie, trans.Look! This is Love: Poems of Rumi. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1996.

Sedgwick, Mark J.Sufism: The Essentials. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2001.

Sells, Michael A.Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Qur’an, Mi‘raj, Poetic and Theological Writings. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1996.

Shah, Idries, intro.(various trans.) Four Sufi Classics: Salaman and Absal; The Niche for Lights; The Way of the Seeker; The Abode of Spring. London: Octagon Press (for The Sufi Trust), 1980.

Sirāj ad-Dīn, Abū Bakr. The Book of Certainty: The Sufi Doctrine of Faith, Vision and Gnosis. Cambridge, UK: The Islamic Texts Society, 2002.

Sirriyeh, Elizabeth.Sufis and Anti-Sufis: The Defence, Rethinking and Rejection of Sufism in the Modern World . Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1999.

Smith, Grace Martin and Carl W. Ernst, eds.Manifestations of Sainthood in Islam. Istanbul: Isis Press, 1994.

Smith, Margaret.Muslim Women Mystics: The Life and Work of Rabi‘a and Other Women Mystics in Islam. Oxford, England: Oneworld, 2001.

Smith, Margaret.Rābi‛ah the Mystic and Her Fellow-Saints in Islam. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1928.

Smith, Margaret.Studies in Early Mysticism in the Near and Middle East. Oxford, UK: Oneworld, 1995.

ās-Sulamī, Abū ‘Abd ar-Rahmān (Rkia E. Cornell, trans.).Early Sufi Women—Dhikr an - niswa al-muta ‘abbidāt as sūfiyyāt. Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 1999.

Thackston, Wheeler M., Jr., trans. Suhrawardi: The Philosophical Allegories and Mystical Treatises. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda, 1999.

Thackston, W.M., Jr., trans.Signs of the Unseen: The Discourses of Jalaluddin Rumi. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1999.

Trimingham, J. Spencer.The Sufi Orders in Islam. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1971.

Trix, Frances.Spiritual Discourse: Learning with an Islamic Master. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993.

de Vitray-Meyerovitch, Eva (Simone Fattal, trans.).Rumi and Sufism . Sausalito, CA: Post Apollo, 1987.

Wilson, Peter Lamborn and Nasrollah Pourjavady, trans. and eds.The Drunken Universe:  An Anthology of Persian Sufi Poetry. Grand Rapids, MI: Phanes Press, 1987.

Wolper, Ethel Sara. Cities and Saints: Sufism and the Transformation of Urban Space in Medieval Anatolia. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003.