Philosophical Instructions

• Translator’s Introduction
• Part I: Introductory Discussions
• Lesson One: A Glance at the Course of Philosophical Thought: (From Its Origins to the Islamic Epoch)
• Lesson Two: A Glance at the Course of Philosophical Thought (from the Middle Ages to the Eighteenth Century)
• Lesson Three: A Glance at the Course of Philosophical Thought (in the last two centuries)
• Lesson Four: The Technical Meanings of “Science” and “Philosophy”
• Lesson Five: Philosophy and The Sciences
• Lesson Six: What is Philosophy?
• Lesson Seven: The Position of Philosophy
• Lesson Eight: The Method of Philosophical Inquiry
• Lesson Nine: The Relation between Philosophy and the Sciences
• Lesson Ten: The Necessity of Philosophy
• Part II: Epistemology
• Lesson Eleven: Introduction to Epistemology
• Lesson Twelve: The Self-Evidence of the Principles of Epistemology
• Lesson Thirteen: The Divisions of Knowledge
• Lesson Fourteen: Acquired Knowledge
• Lesson Fifteen: Types of Universal Concepts
• Lesson Sixteen: Empiricism
• Lesson Seventeen: The Role of the Intellect and Sensation in Ideas
• Lesson Eighteen: The Role of the Intellect and Sensation in Affirmations
• Lesson Nineteen: The Value of Knowledge
• Lesson Twenty: The Evaluation of Ethical and Legal Propositions
• Part III: Ontology
• Lesson Twenty-One: Introduction to Ontology
• Lesson Twenty-Two: The Concept of Existence
• Lesson Twenty-Three: Entified Reality
• Lesson Twenty-Four: Existence and Whatness
• Lesson Twenty-Five: Precepts of Whatness
• Lesson Twenty-Six: Introduction to the Fundamentality of Existence
• Lesson Twenty-Seven: The Fundamentality of Existence
• Lesson Twenty-Eight: Unity and Multiplicity
• Lesson Twenty-Nine: Unity and Multiplicity in Entified Existence
• Lesson Thirty: The Levels of Existence
• Part IV: Causality
• Lesson Thirty-One: Cause and Effect
• Lesson Thirty-Two: The Principle of Causation
• Lesson Thirty-Three: The Causal Relation
• Lesson Thirty-Four: The Causal Relation among Material Things
• Lesson Thirty-Five: The Dependence of the Effect on the Cause
• Lesson Thirty-Six: The Relations of Cause and Effect
• Lesson Thirty-Seven: The Principles of Cause and Effect
• Lesson Thirty-Eight: The Efficient Cause
• Lesson Thirty-Nine: The Final Cause
• Lesson Forty: The Purposefulness of the Cosmos
• Part V: The Material and the Immaterial
• Lesson Forty-One: The Material and the Immaterial
• Lesson Forty-Two: What is Location?
• Lesson Forty-Three: What is Time?
• Lesson Forty-Four: Kinds of Substances
• Lesson Forty-Five: Continuation of the Discussion of the Kinds of Substance
• Lesson Forty-Six: Matter and Form
• Lesson Forty-Seven: Accidents
• Lesson Forty-Eight: Quality
• Lesson Forty-Nine: The Reality of Knowledge
• Lesson Fifty: The Union of the Knower and the Known
• Part VI: The Immutable and the Changing
• Lesson Fifty-One: The Immutable and the Changing
• Lesson Fifty-Two: The Potential and the Actual
• Lesson Fifty-Three: A Continuation of the Discussion of the Potential and the Actual
• Lesson Fifty-Four: Generation and Corruption
• Lesson Fifty-Five: Motion
• Lesson Fifty-Six: Properties of Motion
• Lesson Fifty-Seven: Divisions of Motion
• Lesson Fifty-Eight: Motion in Accidents
• Lesson Fifty-Nine: Motion in Substance
• Lesson Sixty: Further Discussion of Substantial Motion
• Part VII: Theology
• Lesson Sixty-One: The Way to Know God
• Lesson Sixty-Two: Demonstrations of the Necessary Existent
• Lesson Sixty-Three: Tawhīd
• Lesson Sixty-Four: The Unity of Divine Actions
• Lesson Sixty-Five: The Divine Attributes
• Lesson Sixty-Six: Attributes of Essence
• Lesson Sixty-Seven: Attributes of Action
• Lesson Sixty-Eight: The Purpose of Creation
• Lesson Sixty-Nine: Divine Decree and Destiny
• Lesson Seventy: Good and Evil in the Cosmos